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1 ἐγγυάω
A , D.29.47, etc.: [tense] pf.ἠγγύηκα D.C.38.9
: [tense] plpf.ἠγγύηκει Is.3.58
:—[voice] Med., [tense] fut. - ήσομαι D.24.46: [tense] aor.ἠγγυησάμην And. 1.44
,73, D.22.53:—[voice] Pass., [tense] aor. ἠγγυήθην (ἐξ-, κατ-) Lys.23.11, D.59.49: [tense] pf. ἠγγύημαι (δι-) Th.3.70:—also treated as a compd.,ἐνεγυησάμεθα PEleph. 27.9
(iii B. C.), and freq. in codd.: [tense] impf.ἐνεγύων Is.3.45
, D.41.16;ἐνεγύησα Is.3.36
,70: [tense] pf. ἐγγεγύηκα ib.40, D. 59.53: [tense] impf. [voice] Pass.ἐνεγυᾶτο Is.3.70
: [tense] pf.ἐγγεγύημαι D.33.24
, POxy. 259.7 (i A.D.): [tense] plpf.ἐνεγεγύητο Is.3.55
: but these forms are incorrect: ([etym.] ἐγγύη):— give or hand over as a pledge:—[voice] Med., have a thing pledged to one, accept as a surety, (nowhere else in Hom.).2 esp. of a father, plight, betroth,θυγατέρα ἐγγυᾶν τινι Hdt.6.57
(v. infr.); Ζεὺς ἠγγύησε καὶ δίδως' E.IA 703:—[voice] Med., have a woman plighted or betrothed toone, c. acc., D.57.41:—[voice] Act. and [voice] Med. opposed, Hdt.6.130:—[voice] Pass., of the man, to be betrothed,θυγατρί τινος Pl.Lg. 923d
.II [voice] Med., pledge oneself, give security,ἐγγύας ἐγγυησάμενοι πρὸς τὸ δημόσιον And.1.73
, cf. Pl.Lg. 953e;ἐπί τισι Lys.23.9
;ἐ. τινὶ ὅτι.. Pl.Euthd. 274b
.2 c. acc. et inf. [tense] fut., promise or engage that.., Pi.O.11(10).16, Ar.Pl. 1202, X.An.7.4.13, Pl.Prt. 336d, etc.;ἐγγυᾶσθαί [τινα] καὶ ὁμολογεῖν παρέξειν Lys.13.23
;ἐγγυωμένη δώσειν Babr.58.10
.3 c.acc. rei, answer for,ἐγγυᾶσθαι τὰ μέλλοντ' ἔσεσθαι D.18.191
: c.acc. pers., Pl.Lg. 855b; ἐγγυᾶσθαί τινά τινι give surety for him to another, D.33.28;ἐγγύην ἐγγυᾶσθαί τινα πρός τινα Pl.Phd. 115d
; ἐ. τὰ μετέωρα give guarantees without security, SIG364.46 (Ephesus, iii B.C.). -
2 συμβάλλω
συμβάλλω, [tense] fut. - βᾰλῶ: [tense] aor. - έβᾰλον, inf. - βᾰλεῖν: [tense] pf. - βέβληκα: [tense] aor. 1 [voice] Pass. - εβλήθην:—of these tenses Hom. uses only [tense] pres. [voice] Act., [tense] aor. [voice] Act. and [voice] Med., but most commonly [dialect] Ep. intr. [tense] aor. forms συμβλήτην, -βλήμεναι, [voice] Med. σύμβλητο, -βληντο, -βλήμενος, subj. [ per.] 2sg. - βλήεαι prob. cj. for - βλήσεαι in Il.20.335, [ per.] 3sg. [var] contr.A- βληται Od.7.204
:—throw together, dash together, σύν ῥ' ἔβαλον ῥινούς, of men in close combat, Il.4.447, 8.61; , Ar. Pax 1274 (hex.), X.HG4.3.19, etc.; bring together, unite, e.g. of rivers that fall into one another, ; :— [voice] Med.,πολλοὶ ποταμοὶ σ. τὸ σφέτερον ὕδωρ Hdt.4.50
(cf. δάκρυα δάκρυσι ς. E.Or. 336 (lyr., [voice] Act.)); ὁ Ἀκεσίνης τῷ Ἰνδῷ τὸ ὕδωρ ς. Arr.An.6.1.5; σ. τὰ ὦτα πρὸς τὴν γῆν have their ears reaching to.., Arist.HA 606a15:—[voice] Pass., κατὰ τὰς ῥᾶγας συμβεβλημένων [τῶν δακτύλων] Sor. 2.60.4 intr. in [voice] Act., fit (cf.σύμβολον 1.1
), Arist.EE 1239b14; to be suitable,τὰ χεδροπὰ σ. εἰς τὰς νέας Thphr.CP3.20.7
(unless = sow, set).b to be profitable,σ. τῷ πολιτικῷ.. δικαίῳ εἶναι Phld.Rh.2.285
S.;σ. ἀναμένειν ἡμέραν μίαν Gal.16.496
.5 intr., come together, ἔνθα δίστομοι.. σ. ὁδοί where two roads join, S.OC 901, cf. Str.6.3.7; τὰ συμβάλλοντα the watersmeet, IG9(2) p.xi (Delph., iii/ii B.C.); [φλὲψ] σ. τῇ ἀποσχίσει Arist.HA 514a12
; collide,τοὺς τύπους ἀνάγκη συμβάλλειν ἑαυτοῖς Thphr.Sens.52
: Geom., meet, τὸ σημεῖον, καθ' ὃ συμβάλλουσιν the point in which (the straight lines) meet, Archim.Sph.Cyl.1.23, etc.6 βλέφαρα σ. ὕπνῳ close the eyes in sleep, A.Ag.15; σ. ὄμμα, in death, ib. 1294 (but ποῖον ὄμμα συμβαλῶ; how shall I meet her eyes with mine? E.IA 455).7 generally, join, unite, σ. σχοινία twist ropes (cf. συμβολεύς), Ar. Pax 37; soτοπεῖα IG22.1672.311
(iv B.C.);ὠμόλινον σ. πεντάπλουν Hp.Fist.4
;στέφανον Philostr.Her.Prooem.
; [αἱ φλέβες] σ. [τὸ σῶμα] εἰς ἕν Arist.PA 668b24
; fit together,ἁρμούς IG7.4255.23
(Oropus, iv B.C.); σ. καὶ κολλῆσαι ib. 22.1668.73 (iv B.C.);κεραῖαι συμβεβλημέναι PCair.Zen.566.10
(iii B.C.); δεξιὰς σ. ἀλλήλοισι join hands, E.IA58.8 σ. συμβόλαιά τινι or πρός τινα make a contract with a person, esp. lend him money on bond, D. 34.1, Pl.R. 425c, cf. Th.5.77 ([voice] Med.); συμβόλαιον εἰς τἀνδράποδα συμβεβλημένον money lent on the security of the slaves, D.27.27: abs., in same sense, Isoc.21.13; make a contract, Pl.Alc.1.125d, OGI669.21 (Egypt, i A.D.), Cod.Just.1.3.55.4; of a marriage contract, Mitteis Chr.372 vi 22, cf. 8 (ii A.D.); advance, lend,πέρα μεδίμνου κριθῶν Is.10.10
; ἱμάτια, χρυσία, etc., Ar.Ec. 446; ἐπί τισι on certain terms, D.H.6.29;σ. δανεισμῷ Pl.Lg. 921d
; ὁ συμβαλών the lender, creditor, D.56.2, cf. D.H.5.63 (but οἱ συμβ. the borrowers, debtors, Id.4.9):— [voice] Med., with [tense] pf. [voice] Pass., pay a share, contribute, ὁλκάδα οἱ συμβαλέεσθαι give him a merchant-vessel, Hdt.3.135, cf. Lys.32.24, X.Ages. 2.27; σ. χρήματά τινι εἰς τροφὴν τῶν στρατιωτῶν advance it, Id.An. 1.1.9, cf. IG7.2418 (Thebes, iv B.C.);τριήρεις εἰς κίνδυνον Isoc.4.98
; (iii B.C.).9 generally, contribute:— [voice] Pass.,συμβάλλεταί τις.. μερίς Alex.149.4
:—in this sense mostly in [voice] Med., τέμενος συμβάλλεσθαι add thereto, Pi.I.1.59; , cf. Hp.Aër.2, Sosip.1.37, Damox.2.11; τὸ μὴ ἀγανακτεῖν.. ἄλλα τέ μοι πολλὰ συμβάλλεται, καὶ.. many circumstances contribute to my feeling no vexation, and especially.., Pl.Ap. 36a;σ. βοήθειαν οὐ σμικρὰν πρός τι Id.Lg. 836b
; τιμὴν καὶ δόξαν τῇ πόλει ς. Isoc.Ep.8.6;οὐ δεῖ λογίζεσθαι, πότερος πλείω συμβέβληται X.Oec.7.13
; freq. with μέρος as obj., ἔργων οὐκ ἐλάχιστον μέρος ς. And.1.143;μέρος σ. πρὸς ἀρετήν Pl.Lg. 836d
, cf. R. 331b, D.41.11;οὐκ ἐλάχιστον μέρος πρὸς εὐδαιμονίαν Isoc.7.79
;συμβαλλέσθω τὸ μέρος ἕκαστος εἰς τὸ ἀνάλωμα PHal.1.108
, cf. 113 (iii B.C.);τὴν μεγίστην εἰς αὐτὰ μοῖραν Pl.Ti. 47c
, cf. X.Cyr.6.1.28: also abs., οὔτε ποταμὸς οὔτε κρήνη οὐδεμία ἐσδιδοῦσα ἐς πλῆθός οἱ συμβάλλεται contributes to its volume, Hdt.4.50;σ. πρὸς τὸ λανθάνειν X.Cyr.2.4.21
, cf. Isoc.7.21; συμβαλλόμενα contributory causes, Thphr.Sud.6: abs., to be helpful, , cf. Pl.Lg. 905b, D.21.133; φόνου κηκὶς ξ. contributes to the proof, A.Ch. 1012: rarely c. gen. partit., ξυμβάλλεται πολλὰ τοῦδε δείματος many things contribute [ their share] of this fear, i.e. join in causing it, E.Med. 284.10 συμβάλλεσθαι γνώμας contribute one's opinion to a discussion, Hdt.8.61;περί τινος Pl.Plt. 298c
;συμβαλέσθαι περί τινος λόγους X.Cyr.2.2.21
; λόγον σ. περὶ βίου contribute an opinion about life, Pl.Lg. 905c; also συμβαλέσθαι τι to have something to say, Id. Ion 532c, cf. 533a; ταῦτά σοι περὶ Ἔρωτος ς. Id.Smp. 185c; συμβαλοῦ γνώμην contribute your opinion, help in judging, S.OC 1151; σ. τὴν γνώμην τῆς βουλῆς, with or without εἰς τὸν δῆμον, communicate it, IG22.79.6, 103.17, al.; cast votes, Schwyzer 84.15 (Tylisus, v B.C.).II συμβάλλειν (sc. λόγους) converse, σ. τινί or πρός τινα, Plu.2.222c, Act.Ap.4.15:—[voice] Med., ἀτὰρ τί ἐγὼ περὶ κλοπῆς ς.; X.An.4.6.14.II bring men together in hostile sense, pit them against each other, match them,ἀμφοτέρους θεοὶ σύμβαλον Il.20.55
;ἐμὲ.. καὶ Μενέλαον συμβάλετε.. μάχεσθαι 3.70
; σ. σκύμνον λέοντος σκύλακι κυνός set one to fight with the other, Hdt.3.32; ἄνδρα ἀνδρὶ καὶ ἵππον ἵππῳ ς. Id.5.1;τοὺς ἡβῶντας σ. εἰς ἔριν περὶ ἀρχῆς X.Lac.4.2
; ἀλεκτρυόνας ς. Id.Smp.4.9;ἄνδρας φίλους Id.Cyr.6.1.32
;εἰς χεῖρα δοῦλον δεσπότῃ μὴ συμβάλῃς Philem. 206
: metaph., ἀναισχυντίᾳ σ. τινὰ καὶ προσγυμνάζειν make him contend with.., Pl.Lg. 647c.b [voice] Med., join in fight,σὺν δ' ἐβάλοντο μάχεσθαι ἐναντίον Il.12.377
.c intr., come together,σύμβαλον μάχεσθαι 16.565
; also ς. alone, come to blows, engage, ; freq. in Hdt., either abs., as 1.77,82, or c. dat. pers., ib.80, 104;Ἄρης Ἄρει δυμβαλεῖ, Δίκα Δίκᾳ A.Ch. 461
(lyr.); Ἕλληνες Μήδοις ς. Simon.136; alsoσ. πρός τινα X.Cyr.7.1.20
, Isoc.4.69;εἰς μονομαχίαν πρός τινα Str.14.5.16
; συμβάλλων coming into collision, Pl.Plt. 273a, cf. Wilcken Chr.16.6 (ii A.D.).2 σ. πόλεμον καὶ δηϊοτῆτα engage in war, Il.12.181 (prob. interpol.); so in Trag.,σ. βάκχαις μάχην E.Ba. 837
;ἔχθραν τινί Id.Med.44
; ἔριν φίλοις ib. 521: metaph., συμβαλεῖν ἔπη κακά bandy reproaches, S. Aj. 1323; .3 [voice] Med., fall in with one, meet him, c. dat., freq. in Hom., who uses [dialect] Ep. [tense] aor. forms beginning ξυμβλη- or συμβλη- solely in this sense,Νέστορι δὲ ξύμβληντο Il.14.27
, cf. 39;εἰ δ' ἄρα τις.. ξύμβληται ὁδίτης Od.7.204
;ξυμβλήμενος ἄλλος ὁδίτης 11.127
; ὅτε κεν συμβλήσεαι (leg. - βλήεαι)αὐτῷ Il.20.335
;ξυμβλήτην ἀλλήλοιιν Od.21.15
.4 so in [voice] Act., συμβαλών having met, A.Ch. 677; οἱ συμβάλλοντες those who come in contact with one, Plu.Marc.20; φιλοσόφῳ ς. Arr.Epict.3.9.13, cf. 12, POxy. 1063 (ii/iii A.D.), PFay.129.2 (iii A.D.).III compare,σμικρὰ μεγάλοισι Hdt.2.10
;ἑωυτόν τινι Id.3.160
;ἓν πρὸς ἕν Id.4.50
;τι πρός τι Lycurg.68
;πρὸς ἄλληλα Pl.Tht. 186b
;οὐδὲν ἦν τούτων.. πρὸς ἀτταγῆνα συμβαλεῖν Phoenicid.2.5
:—[voice] Pass., Hdt.2.10, 3.125; τὸ ἀργύριον τὸ Βαβυλώνιον πρὸς τὸ Εὐβοικὸν συμβαλλόμενον τάλαντον the Babyl. talent being compared with, reduced to, the Euboic, ib.95.b compare for the purpose of checking, μέτρῳ συμβεβλημένῳ πρὸς τὸ χαλκοῦν Wilcken Chr.410.11 (iii B.C.), etc.2 [voice] Med., reckon, compute, Hdt.2.31, 4.15, 6.63,65:—[voice] Pass.,ἡ ὁδὸς ἡ ἡμερησίη ἀνὰ διηκόσια στάδια συμβέβληταί μοι Id.4.101
.3 conclude, infer, conjecture, interpret,συμβαλεῖν τι Pi.N.11.33
; σ. ὅτι .. Pl.Cra. 412c; τοῦτο ς. S.OC 1474; τοῦτο σ., ὅτι.. Ar.V.50; τὰ πρὶν οὐκ εὔγνωστα ς. E.Or.[1394];εὖ ξυνέβαλεν αὐτά Ar.Eq. 427
;ἣν [νόσον] οὐδ' ἂν εἷς γνοίη ποτ' οὐδ' ἂν ξυμβάλοι Id.V.72
;σ. ἔπη E.Med. 675
;τοὖναρ Id.IT55
;τὴν μαντείαν Pl.Cra. 384a
;τὸν χρησμόν Arist.Fr. 532
, cf. 76;σήματα σ., εἰ.. ἤ.. Arat.1146
: abs., καθὼς συμβάλλομεν ἐκ τοὖ .. Sor.2.63:—[voice] Med., abs., Heraclit.47, freq. in Hdt., as 2.33, 4.87: c. acc., make out, understand, τὸ πρῆγμα ib. 111;σ. τι ἔκ τινος 6.107
; τῇδε, ὅτι .. from the fact that.., 3.68: c. acc. et inf., 1.68, 2.33, 112, al.; folld. by indirect question, 4.45.IV agree, arrange,καθάπερ ξυνέβαλον ἢ διέθεντο IG12.46.14
;πρὸς ἐμὲ πάντες συμβάλλετε X.Cyr. 6.2.41
:—[voice] Med., make a treaty, Foed. ap. Th.5.77; agree upon, fix, settle,λόφον εἰς ὃν δέοι ἁλίζεσθαι X.An.6.3.3
;ἔδει σε, καθότι συνεβάλου ἡμῖν, Ἡρακλείδην.. ἀπεσταλκέναι PCair.Zen.314.1
(iii B.C.).Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > συμβάλλω
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3 κρίνω
κρίνω (s. κρίμα; Hom.+) fut. κρινῶ; 1 aor. ἔκρινα; pf. κέκρικα; plpf. 3 sg. κεκρίκει (on the lack of augment s. B-D-F §66, 1; W-S. §12, 4; Mlt-H. 190; ἐκεκρίκει Just., D. 102, 2). Pass.: impf. ἐκρινόμην; 1 fut. κριθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἐκρίθην; pf. κέκριμαι. Primary mng.: ‘to set apart so as to distinguish, separate’, then by transference① to make a selection, select, prefer (Aeschyl., Suppl. 39 τὶ; Pla., Rep. 3, 399e κρίνειν τινὰ πρό τινος ‘prefer someone to someone’, cp. Phlb. 57e; Himerius, Or. 40 [=Or. 6], 3 κ. τί τινι=select someth. because of someth. [a place because of its size]; κ. τὸ πρακτέον καὶ μὴ πρακτέον Did., Gen. 27, 3) ὸ̔ς μὲν γὰρ κρίνει ἡμέραν παρʼ ἡμέραν the one prefers one day to another Ro 14:5a. In the other half of the sentence ὸ̔ς δὲ κρίνει πᾶσαν ἡμέραν, κ. prob. has the sense recognize, approve (X., Hell. 1, 7, 34 ἔκριναν τὴν τῆς βουλῆς γνώμην) the other holds every day in esteem vs. 5b. Closely associated is mng.② to pass judgment upon (and thereby seek to influence) the lives and actions of other peopleⓐ judge, pass judgment upon, express an opinion about Mt 7:1a, 2a; Lk 6:37a; 1 Cl 13:2; Pol 2:3 (Sextus 183 ὁ κρίνων ἄνθρωπον κρίνεται ὑπὸ τ. θεοῦ). κ. δικαίως D 4:3; B 19:11. κ. κατʼ ὄψιν by the outward appearance J 7:24a. κατὰ τὴν σάρκα 8:15. τὴν δικαίαν κρίσιν κ. pass a right judgment 7:24b (on the expr. cp. Dt 16:18). This is perh. the place for 1 Pt 4:6 ἵνα κριθῶσιν κατὰ ἀνθρ. (s. ESelwyn, comm. ad loc. ref. to Lghtf.; cp. Wsd 3:4).ⓑ esp. pass an unfavorable judgment upon, criticize, find fault with, condemn (Epict. 2, 21, 11) Ro 2:1abc, 3; 14:3f, 10, 13a (a play on words, w. κρίνειν used in two different mngs. in the same vs.; s. 4 below on vs. 13b); Col 2:16; Js 4:11, 12; D 11:12. μή τι κρίνετε do not pronounce judgment on anything 1 Cor 4:5. ἱνατί γὰρ ἡ ἐλευθερία μου κρίνεται ὑπὸ ἄλλης συνειδήσεως; why is my freedom (of action) to be unfavorably judged by another person’s scruples? 1 Cor 10:29. μακάριος ὁ μὴ κρίνων ἑαυτόν happy is the one who finds no fault w. himself Ro 14:22.—Also of a human judgment directed against God ὅπως ἂν νικήσεις ἐν τῷ κρίνεσθαί σε that you may win when you are judged Ro 3:4 (OMichel in KEK prefers active sense); 1 Cl 18:4 (both Ps 50:6).③ to make a judgment based on taking various factors into account, judge, think, consider, look upon w. double acc. of the obj. and the predicate (Soph., Oed. R. 34; Pla., Rep. 9, 578b and s. Cebes 39, 4; 3 Macc 2:33; Just., D. 112, 1) οὐκ ἀξίους κρίνετε ἑαυτούς you do not consider yourselves worthy Ac 13:46 (Jos., Ant. 6, 159 ὸ̔ν αὐτὸς τ. βασιλείας ἄξιον ἔκρινεν; EpArist 98); cp. PtK 3 p. 15, 17. τὰ ὑστερήματα αὐτῶν ἴδια ἐκρίνετε you considered their shortcomings as your own 1 Cl 2:6. Pass. (Thu. 2, 40, 3; Jos., Ant. 4, 193) τί ἄπιστον κρίνεται παρʼ ὑμῖν; why do you think it is incredible? Ac 26:8 (Jos., Ant. 18, 76 ἄπιστα αὐτὰ κρίνειν).—Foll. by acc. w. inf. (Pla., Gorg., 452c, Rep. 9, 578b; X., An. 1, 9, 5; 28) κεκρίκατέ με πιστὴν … εἶναι Ac 16:15.—W. inf. foll. κρίνω μὴ παρενοχλεῖν τοῖς κτλ. 15:19.—Foll. by τοῦτο ὅτι 2 Cor 5:14.—W. direct quest. foll. ἐν ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς κρίνατε judge, decide for yourselves 1 Cor 11:13.—W. indirect quest. foll. (Thu. 4, 130, 7 κρίναντες ἐν σφίσιν αὐτοῖς, εἰ … ; X., Cyr. 4, 1, 5) εἰ δίκαιόν ἐστιν, ὑμῶν ἀκούειν μᾶλλον ἢ τοῦ θεοῦ, κρίνατε decide whether it is right to obey you rather than God Ac 4:19.—κρίνατε ὑμεῖς ὅ φημι pass your own judgment on what I say 1 Cor 10:15.—ὀρθῶς ἔκρινας you have judged rightly Lk 7:43.④ to come to a conclusion after a cognitive process, reach a decision, decide, propose, intend (Isocr. 4, 46; Polyb. 3, 6, 7; 5, 52, 6; 9, 13, 7; Epict. 2, 15, 7; Appian, Bell. Civ. 14, 118 §497 ὅταν οἱ θεοὶ κρίνωσιν; LXX) τί οὖν θέλετε, κρίνατε (restored) so decide now what you wish (to be done); w. inf. (Diod S 4, 33, 10; 17, 95, 1; UPZ 42, 37 [162 B.C.]; PTebt 55, 4 [II B.C.] ἔκρινα γράψαι; PLond III, 897, 11 p. 207 [84 A.D.]; 1 Macc 11:33; 3 Macc 1:6; Jdth 11:13; Wsd 8:9; Jos., Ant.7, 33; 12, 403; 13, 188; Did., Gen. 179, 7) Ac 3:13; 20:16; 25:25; 1 Cor 2:2; 5:3; Tit 3:12. W. τοῦ and inf. (B-D-F §397, 2) ἐκρίθη τοῦ ἀποπλεῖν ἡμᾶς Ac 27:1. ἐπεὶ ἤδη σεαυτῷ κέκρικας τοῦ μὴ δύνασθαι τὰς ἐντολὰς ταύτας ὑπὸ ἀνθρώπου φυλαχθῆναι since you have already decided in your own mind that these commandments cannot be kept by anyone Hm 12, 3, 6.—W. acc. and inf. (2 Macc 11:25, 36; 3 Macc 6:30; TestSol 10:8; SibOr 3, 127; Just., D. 102, 2) Ac 21:25 (even in the substantially different rdgs.). τοῦτο κέκρικεν …, τηρεῖν τὴν ἑαυτοῦ παρθένον he has determined this, namely to keep his fiancée (pure and undefiled) 1 Cor 7:37 (s. s.v. γαμίζω 2; Diod S 4, 73, 2 of a father: κρίναι ταύτην [i.e. his daughter] παρθένον διαφυλάττειν). τοῦτο κρίνατε μᾶλλον, τὸ μὴ τιθέναι πρόσκομμα but rather decide this, (namely) to give no offense Ro 14:13b. ἔκρινα ἐμαυτῷ τοῦτο, τὸ … ἐλθεῖν 2 Cor 2:1. τὰ δόγματα τὰ κεκριμένα ὑπὸ τ. ἀποστόλων Ac 16:4 (cp. Polyb. 5, 52, 6 πράξας τὸ κριθέν; Epict. 2, 15, 7 τοῖς κριθεῖσιν ἐμμένειν δεῖ).⑤ to engage in a judicial process, judge, decide, hale before a court, condemn, also hand over for judicial punishment, freq. as a legal t.t. (in a forensic sense Hom. et al.; ins, pap, LXX).ⓐ of a human courtα. act. and pass. abs. Ac 13:27. W. adv. GPt 3:7. κ. τινά: κατὰ τὸν νόμον J 18:31; Ac 23:3; 24:6 v.l. οὐδὲ ἐγὼ κρίνω ὑμᾶς GJs 16:3. Of the right of the apostle and the church to judge believers 1 Cor 5:12ab. μὴ ὁ νόμος ἡμῶν κρίνει τὸν ἄνθρωπον; does our law (personified) judge a person? J 7:51 (Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 50 §205 certain senators desire that before Mark Antony is declared a public enemy he should be brought to trial, ὡς οὐ πάτριον σφίσιν ἀκρίτου καταδικάζειν ‘on the ground that it was not their ancestral custom to condemn someone without a hearing’). ἐκ τ. στόματός σου κρινῶ σε I will punish you on the basis of your own statement Lk 19:22. Pass. Ac 25:10. κρίνεσθαι ἐπί τινι be on trial because of a thing 26:6 (Appian, Basil. 12 κρινόμενος ἐπὶ τῷδε=be brought to trial because of this thing; likew. Iber. 55 §233; Ath. 2, 3; of God ApcrEzk Fgm. d). Also περί τινος (Diod S 12, 30, 5) 23:6; 25:20; w. addition of ἐπί w. gen. of the court of judicature before someone (schol. on Hes., Op. 9) 24:21; 25:9; D 11:11.—τί δὲ καὶ ἀφʼ ἑαυτῶν οὐ κρίνετε τὸ δίκαιον; Lk 12:57, which leads over into the sphere of jurisprudence (vs. 58), means: why cannot you yourselves decide what is right? (cp. the prayer for vengeance fr. Amorgos [BCH 25, 1901 p. 416; Dssm., LO 94=LAE 118] ἐπάκουσον, θεά, καὶ κρῖναι τὸ δίκαιον; cp. Appian, Mithrid. 89 §403 κρίνειν τὴν μάχην=decide the battle; Just., A II, 15, 5).β. mid. and pass.: ‘dispute, quarrel, debate’, also go to law (so Thu. 4, 122, 4 δίκῃ κρίνεσθαι; Hos 2:4 al. in LXX; TestSol 4:4ff D; Mel., P. 101, 773) τινί with someone (Job 9:3; 13:19) Mt 5:40; B 6:1 (Is 50:8); μετά τινος (Vi. Aesopi W 76 κριθῆναί με μετὰ τῆς κυρίας μου ἐπὶ σοί=I am pleading my case with my mistress before you; Eccl 6:10) 1 Cor 6:6. ἐπί τινος before someone (as judge) vs. 1 (on the beginning of 1 Cor 6 cp. the decree of Alexander to the Greeks in Ps.-Callisth. 2, 21, 21: βούλομαι δὲ μὴ ἐν ἑαυτοῖς κρίνειν ὅσον τις ὑμῶν ἔχει πρὸς ἕτερον, οὐδὲ ἐφʼ οὗ βούλεσθε=it is my wish [will] that you are not to go to law among yourselves, no matter what any of you may have against another, nor before anyone you wish).ⓑ of the divine tribunalα. occupied by God or Christ: abs. administer justice, judge J 5:30; 8:16, 50; cp. vs. 26; Rv 6:10; B 5:7. Pass. be judged Mt 7:1b, 2b; Lk 6:37b; Rv 11:18.—W. acc. foll. (PGM 4, 1013 of Horus ὁ κρίνων τὰ πάντα) J 5:22; 8:15b. τοὺς ἔξω 1 Cor 5:13. ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς judge the living and the dead 2 Ti 4:1; 1 Pt 4:5; B 7:2. τὰ κρυπτὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων Ro 2:16. τὸν κόσμον B 4:12 (TestAbr A 13 p. 92, 10 [Stone p. 32]; ApcEsdr 3:3 p. 27, 8 Tdf.). τὴν οἰκουμένην Ac 17:31; AcPl Ha 9, 29. κ. κατὰ τὸ ἑκάστου ἔργον judge each one by what that person does 1 Pt 1:17; cp. Rv 20:13. ἐκρίθησαν οἱ νεκροὶ ἐκ τῶν γεγραμμένων ἐν τοῖς βιβλίοις κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν the dead were judged by what was written in the books (of life and of death), in accordance w. their deeds vs. 12; δικαίως κ. judge uprightly (Sotades [280 B.C.] Fgm. 11, 2 Diehl2 II 6 p. 191 [in Stob. 4, 34, 8 vol. V p. 826, 5=Coll. Alex. p. 243] ὁ παντογενὴς … οὐ κρίνει δικαίως) 1 Pt 2:23; B 19:11. Also ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ Rv 19:11. διὰ νόμου κρίνεσθαι be judged on the basis of the law Js 2:12.—Oft. the emphasis is unmistakably laid upon that which follows the Divine Judge’s verdict, upon the condemnation or punishment: condemn, punish (opp. σῴζειν as TestJud 24:6; Mel., P. 104, 810; cp. ApcEsdr 1, 11 p. 25, 3 Tdf. ἐμὲ κρῖνον ὑπὲρ τῶν ψυχῶν τῶν ἁμαρτωλῶν) J 3:17; cp. 18ab; 12:47ab, 48a; cp. 48b; Ac 7:7 (Gen 15:14); Dg 7:5f (opp. ἀγαπᾶν). διὰ νόμου κ. punish on the basis of the law Ro 2:12.—3:6f; 1 Cor 11:31f (here of the temporal punishment which God brings upon sinners); 2 Th 2:12; Hb 10:30 (κρινεῖ κύριος τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ the Lord will judge = punish his people is derived fr. Dt 32:36=Ps 134:14, where the judgment of God is spoken of, resulting in the vindication of the innocent [the thought prominent in the two OT pass.] and the punishment of the guilty [the thought prominent in the Hb pass.]); 13:4; Js 5:9; for 1 Pt 4:6 s. 2a above; Rv 18:8; 19:2; B 15:5.—W. the punishment given κ. διὰ πυρός 1 Cl 11:1; διὰ τῶν μαστίγων 17:5. κεκριμένοι ἤδη τῷ θανάτῳ already condemned to death B 10:5. Also εἰς θάνατον condemned to death Hs 9, 18, 2. οἱ κρινόμενοι ἀσεβεῖς the godless, who are condemned 2 Cl 18:1. Of the devil ὁ ἄρχων τοῦ κόσμου τούτου κέκριται J 16:11.—ταῦτα ἔκρινας you have imposed these punishments Rv 16:5.—On κρίνειν τὸ κρίμα 18:20 s. κρίμα 4.β. occupied by those who have been divinely commissioned to judge: the 12 apostles judge the 12 tribes Mt 19:28; Lk 22:30 (PBatiffol, RB n.s. 9, 1912, 541–43. But here κ. could have the broader sense rule; cp. 4 Km 15:5; Ps 2:10; 1 Macc 9:73; PsSol 17:29). κρινεῖ ἡ ἐκ φύσεως ἀκροβυστία … σέ the one who is physically uncircumcised will sit in judgment upon you Ro 2:27. οἱ ἅγιοι as judges of the cosmos 1 Cor 6:2ab (κρίνεσθαι ἐν: Diod S 19, 51, 4.—On the saints as co-rulers with God cp. Epict., Ench. 15; Sallust. 21 p. 36, 14) as well as of the angels vs. 3 (cp. Da 7:22).⑥ to ensure justice for someone, see to it that justice is done (LXX) τινί to someone 1 Cl 8:4 (Is 1:17).—B. 1428. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. -
4 Ἰουδαῖος
Ἰουδαῖος, αία, αῖον (Clearchus, the pupil of Aristotle, Fgm. 6 [in Jos., C. Ap. 1, 179]; Theophr., Fgm. 151 W. [WJaeger, Diokles v. Karystos ’38, 134–53: Theophrastus and the earliest Gk. report concerning the Judeans or Jews]; Hecataeus of Abdera [300 B.C.]: 264 Fgm. 25, 28, 2a Jac. [in Diod S 1, 28, 2] al.; Polyb.; Diod S; Strabo; Plut.; Epict. 1, 11, 12f, al.; Appian, Syr. 50 §252f, Mithrid. 106 §498, Bell. Civ. 2, 90 §380; Artem. 4, 24 p. 217, 13; Diog. L. 1, 9; OGI 73, 4; 74, 3; 726, 8; CIG 3418; CB I/2, 538 no. 399b τ. νόμον τῶν Εἰουδέων [on Ἰ. in ins s. RKraemer, HTR 82, ’89, 35–53]; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 55; 56 [both III B.C.]; 57 [II B.C.]; BGU 1079, 25 [41 A.D.]; PFay 123, 16 [100 A.D.]; POxy 1189, 9; LXX; TestSol; AscIs 2:7; EpArist; SibOr; Philo, Joseph., Ar., Just., Tat. For a variety of synonyms s. Schürer III 87–91.). Gener. as description of ‘one who identifies with beliefs, rites, and customs of adherents of Israel’s Mosaic and prophetic tradition’ (the standard term in the Mishnah is ‘Israelite’). (Since the term ‘Judaism’ suggests a monolithic entity that fails to take account of the many varieties of thought and social expression associated with such adherents, the calque or loanword ‘Judean’ is used in this and other entries where Ἰ. is treated. Complicating the semantic problem is the existence side by side of persons who had genealogy on their side and those who became proselytes [on the latter cp. Cass. Dio 37, 17, 1; 67, 14, 2; 68, 1, 2]; also of adherents of Moses who recognized Jesus as Messiah [s. Gal 2:13 in 2d below; s. also 2eα] and those who did not do so. Incalculable harm has been caused by simply glossing Ἰ. with ‘Jew’, for many readers or auditors of Bible translations do not practice the historical judgment necessary to distinguish between circumstances and events of an ancient time and contemporary ethnic-religious-social realities, with the result that anti-Judaism in the modern sense of the term is needlessly fostered through biblical texts.)① pert. to being Judean (Jewish), with focus on adherence to Mosaic tradition, Judean, as a real adj. (Philo, In Flacc. 29; Jos., Ant. 10, 265) ἀνὴρ Ἰ. (1 Macc 2:23; 14:33) Judean Ac 10:28; 22:3. ἄνθρωπος 21:39. ἀρχιερεύς 19:14. ψευδοπροφήτης 13:6. ἐξορκισταί 19:13. γυνή (Jos., Ant. 11, 185) 16:1. χώρα Mk 1:5.—But γῆ J 3:22 is to be taken of Judea in the narrower sense (s. Ἰουδαία 1), and means the Judean countryside in contrast to the capital city. Of Drusilla, described as οὔσα Ἰουδαία being Judean or Jewish, but for the view that Ἰ. is here a noun s. 2b.② one who is Judean (Jewish), with focus on adherence to Mosaic tradition, a Judean, Ἰουδαῖος as noun (so predom.). Since Jerusalem sets the standard for fidelity to Israel’s tradition, and since Jerusalem is located in Judea, Ἰ. frequently suggests conformity to Israel’s ancestral belief and practice. In turn, the geographical name provided outsiders with a term that applied to all, including followers of Jesus, who practiced customs variously associated with Judea (note the Roman perception Ac 18:15 [‘Judeans’ at Corinth]; 23:28).ⓐ (ὁ) Ἰ. Judean (w. respect to birth, nationality, or cult) J 3:25; (Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 57, 5 [II B.C.] παρʼ Ἰουδαίου=from a Judean) 4:9; 18:35; Ac 18:2, 24; 19:34; Ro 1:16; 2:9f, 17, 28f (on the ‘genuine’ Judean cp. Epict. 2, 9, 20f τῷ ὄντι Ἰουδαῖος … λόγῳ μὲν Ἰουδαῖοι, ἔργῳ δʼ ἄλλο τι); 10:12; Gal 2:14; 3:28; Col 3:11.—Collective sing. (Thu. 6, 78, 1 ὁ Ἀθηναῖος, ὁ Συρακόσιος; EpArist 13 ὁ Πέρσης; B-D-F §139; Rob. 408) Ro 3:1.ⓑ of Drusilla οὔσα Ἰουδαία being a Judean Ac 24:24, but for the simple adjectival sense s. 1 end.ⓒ (οἱ) Ἰουδαῖοι (on the use of the art. B-D-F §262, 1; 3) the Judeans οἱ Φαρισαῖοι κ. πάντες οἱ Ἰ. Mk 7:3; τὸ πάσχα τῶν Ἰ. J 2:13; cp. 5:1; 6:4; 7:2; ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰ. (Appian, Mithrid. 117 §573 Ἰουδαίων βασιλεὺς Ἀριστόβουλος) Mt 2:2; 27:11, 29 (in these three last pass., Ἰ. is used by non-Israelites; Mt’s preferred term is Ἰσραήλ); Mk 15:2 and oft. πόλις τῶν Ἰ. Lk 23:51; ἔθνος τῶν Ἰ. Ac 10:22; λαὸς τῶν Ἰ. 12:11. χώρα τῶν Ἰ. 10:39 (Just., A I, 34, 2; cp. A I, 32, 4 ἡ γῆ Ἰουδαίων). ἄρχων τῶν Ἰ. J 3:1; συναγωγὴ τῶν Ἰ. Ac 14:1a. Cp. J 2:6; 4:22; 18:20. Ἰ. καὶ Ἕλληνες (on the combination of the two words s. B-D-F §444, 2: w. τε … καί) Judeans and Hellenes Ac 14:1b; 18:4; 19:10; 20:21; 1 Cor 1:24; 10:32; 12:13; PtK 2 p. 15, 7; ἔθνη τε καὶ Ἰ.= non-Judeans and Judeans Ac 14:5; cp. ISm 1:2. Ἰ. τε καὶ προσήλυτοι Judeans and proselytes Ac 2:11; cp. 13:43; οἱ κατὰ τὰ ἔθνη Ἰ. the Judeans who live among the nations (in the Diaspora) 21:21. Judeans and non-Judeans as persecutors of Christians MPol 12:2; cp. also 13:1; 17:2; 18:1; 1 Th 2:14 (Polytheists, Jews, and Christians Ar. 2, 1).—Dg 1.—Without the art. (cp. 19:3 φαρισαῖοι) Mt 28:15, suggesting that not all ‘Judeans’ are meant, and without ref. to Israel, or Jews, as an entity.ⓓ a Mosaic adherent who identifies with Jesus Christ Judean Gal 2:13; cp. Ac 21:20 and eα below. On Rv 2:9; 3:9 s. Mussies 195.ⓔ in J Ἰουδαῖοι or ‘Judeans’ for the most part (for exceptions s. a and c) constitute two groupsα. those who in various degrees identify with Jesus and his teaching J 8:52; 10:19–21; 11:45; 12:11 al.β. those who are in opposition to Jesus, with special focus on hostility emanating from leaders in Jerusalem, center of Israelite belief and cult; there is no indication that John uses the term in the general ethnic sense suggested in modern use of the word ‘Jew’, which covers diversities of belief and practice that were not envisaged by biblical writers, who concern themselves with intra-Judean (intra-Israelite) differences and conflicts: 1:19; 2:18, 20; 5:10, 15f; 6:41, 52 (a debate); 7:1, 11, 13; 9:18, 22; 10:24, 31, 33 (in contrast to the πολλοί from ‘beyond the Jordan’, 10:40–42, who are certainly Israelites) 11:8; 13:33; 18:14. S. Hdb. exc. on J 1:19 and, fr. another viewpoint, JBelser, TQ 84, 1902, 265ff; WLütgert, Heinrici Festschr. 1914, 147ff, Schlatter Festschr. 1922, 137–48; GBoccaccini, Multiple Judaisms: BRev XI/1 ’95, 38–41, 46.—J 18:20 affirms that Jesus did not engage in sectarian activity. Further on anti-Judean feeling in J, s. EGraesser, NTS 11, ’64, 74–90; DHare, RSR, July, ’76, 15–22 (lit.); Hdb. exc. on J 1:19; BHHW II 906–11, 901f, 905.—LFeldman, Jew and Gentile in the Ancient World ’93.—MLowe, Who Were the Ἰουδαῖοι?: NovT 18, ’76, 101–30; idem Ἰουδαῖοι of the Apocrypha [NT]: NovT 23, ’81, 56–90; UvonWahlde, The Johannine ‘Jews’—A Critical Survey: NTS 28, ’82, 33–60; JAshton, ibid. 27, ’85, 40–75 (J).—For impact of Ἰουδαῖοι on gentiles s. ESmallwood, The Jews under Roman Rule fr. Pompey to Diocletian ’81; SCohen, Crossing the Boundary and Becoming a Jew: HTR 82, ’89, 13–33; PvanderHorst, NedTTs 43, ’89, 106–21 (c. 200 A.D.); PSchäfer, Judeophobia, Attitudes toward the Jews in the Ancient World ’97.—On the whole word s. Ἱσραήλ end. For Ἰουδαῖοι in ins s. SEG XXXIX, 1839. M-M. EDNT. TW. -
5 ἅπτω
Aἅμμαι Hdt.1.86
: [tense] fut.ἅψομαι Od.9.379
, ἁφθήσομαι ([etym.] συν-) Gal.3.311:—[voice] Med., v.infr. (cf. ἑάφθη):— fasten or bind to, used by Hom., once in [voice] Act., ἅψας ἀμφοτέρωθεν.. ἔντερον οἰός (of a lyre-string) Od.21.408; once in [voice] Med., ἁψαμένη βρόχον.. ἀφ' ὑψηλοῖο μελάθρου having fastened the noose to the beam (to hang herself), 11.278; so laterἅψεται ἀμφὶ βρόχον.. δείρᾳ E.Hipp. 770
;ἁψαμένη βρόχον αὐχένι A.R.1.1065
:—[voice] Act.,βρόχους ἅ. κρεμαστούς E.Or. 1036
; butβρόχῳ ἅ. δέρην Id.Hel. 136
, cf. AP7.493 (Antip. Thess.).2 join,ἅ. χορόν A.Eu. 307
; πάλην τινὶ ἅ. fasten a contest in wrestling on one, engage with one, Id.Ch. 868: —[voice] Pass.,ἅπτεσθαι τὴν Μεγαρέων πόλιν καὶ Κορινθίων τοῖς τείχεσιν Arist.Pol. 1280b14
.II more freq. in [voice] Med., ἅπτομαι, [tense] fut. ἅψομαι, [tense] aor. , with [tense] pf. [voice] Pass. (lyr.), Pl. Phdr. 260e:—fasten oneself to, grasp, c.gen.,ἅψασθαι γούνων Il.1.512
;χειρῶν 10.377
;ἁψαμένη δὲ γενείου Ὀδυσσῆα προσέειπεν Od.19.473
;ἅπτεσθαι νηῶν Il.2.152
;βρώμης δ' οὐχ ἅπτεαι οὐδὲ ποτῆτος; Od.10.379
, cf. 4.60;ὡς δ' ὅτε τίς τε κύων συὸς.. ἅπτηται κατόπισθε.. ἰσχία τε γλουτούς τε Il.8.339
; ;τῶν τύμβων ἁπτόμενοι Id.4.172
; ἅπτεσθαί τινος, Lat. manus inicere alicui, Id.3.137; ; τῶν σφυγμῶν feel the pulse, Arr.Epict.3.22.73: metaph., take hold of, cleave to, Pl.Lg. 967c.b abs., τῶν μὲν γὰρ πάντων βέλε' ἅπτεται for the spears of all the Trojans reach their mark, Il.17.631; .cἅ. τῆς γῆς
land,D.S.
4.48.III metaph., engage in, undertake,βουλευμάτων S.Ant. 179
; ; πολέμου prosecute it vigorously, Th.5.61;ἧπται τοῦ πράγματος D.21.155
;ψυχὴ ἡμμένη φόνων Pl.Phd. 108b
, cf. E.IT 381;τῶν μεγίστων ἀσεβημάτων Plb.7.13.6
; soἅ. τῆς μουσικῆς καὶ φιλοσοφίας Pl.R. 411c
; ἐπιτηδεύματος ib. 497e;γεωμετρίας Id.Plt. 266a
;τῆς θαλάττης Plb.1.24.7
;ἅπτεσθαι λόγου E.Andr. 662
, Pl.Euthd. 283a (but ἅπτεσθαι τοῦ λόγου attack, impugn the argument of another, Id.Phd. 86d); τούτων ἥψατο touched on these points, handled them, Th.1.97;ἅ. τῆς ζητήσεως Arist.GC 320b34
; but also, touch on, treat superficially, Pl.Lg. 694c, Arist.EE 1227a1.b abs., begin, set to work,ταῖς διανοίαις Ar.Ec. 581
.2 fasten upon, attack, Pi.N.8.22, A.Ag. 1608, etc.;μόνον τῷ δακτύλῳ Ar.Lys. 365
;τῆς οὐραγίας Plb.2.34.12
; esp. with words, Hdt.5.92.γ; of diseases, , cf. Gal.15.702;ἥψατο τῶν ἀνθρώπων Th.2.48
; ὅσα ἅπτεται ἀνθρώπων all that feed on human flesh, ib.50.3 touch, affect, , cf. S.OC 955; ;τῆς ἐμῆς ἥψω φρενός E.Rh. 916
;ὥς μου χρησμὸς ἅ. φρενῶν Ar.Eq. 1237
; make an impression upon, (Pessinus, ii B. C.).6 come up to, reach, overtake, X.HG5.4.43; attain,τῆς ἀληθείας Pl.Phd. 65b
;τοῦ τέλους Id.Smp. 211b
: in Pi., c. dat.,ἀγλαΐαις P.10.28
;στάλαισιν Ἡρακλείαις Id.I.4(3).12
; but also c. gen.,Ἡρακλέος σταλᾶν Id.O.3.44
.8 Geom., of bodies and surfaces, to be in contact, Arist.Ph. 231a22, cf. Metaph. 1002a34, al., S.E.M.3.35; of lines or curves, meet, Euc.3Def.2; touch, Id.4Def.5, Archim. Sph.Cyl.1.28; pass through a point, Euc.4Defs.2,6; of points, lie on a line or curve, ib.Defs.1,3; ἅπτεται τὸ σημεῖον θέσει δεδομένης εὐθείας the locus of the point is a given straight line, Id. ap. Papp.656.6,al.B [voice] Act., kindle, set on fire (i.e. by contact of fire), Hdt.8.52, etc. (so in [voice] Med., Call.Dian. 116); : metaph.,πυρσὸν ὕμνων Pi.I.4(3).43
:—[voice] Pass., to be set on fire, ; ὡς ἅφθη τάχιστα τὸ λήιον.. ἅψατο νηοῦ as soon as the corn caught fire, it set fire to the temple, Hdt.1.19; πυρῆς ἤδη ἁμμένης ib.86;ἧπται πυρί E.Hel. 107
.II ἅ. πῦρ kindle a fire, ib. 503:—[voice] Pass., ἄνθρακες ἡμμένοι red-hot embers, Th.4.100;δᾷδ' ἐνεγκάτω τις ἡμμένην Ar.Nu. 1490
, cf. Pl. 301. -
6 συμβάλλω
συμβάλλω impf. συνέβαλλον; 2 aor. συνέβαλον; pf. συμβέβληκα. Mid.: 2 aor. συνεβαλόμην; pf. 3 sg. συμβέβληται Wsd 5:8. Pass.: aor. 3 sg. συνεβλήθη Sir 22:1f (Hom. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; TestGad 4:4)① to engage in mutual pondering of a matter, converse, confer (w. λόγους added Eur., Iphig. Aul. 830; without λ. Plut., Mor. 222c) τινί with someone (Epict. 4, 12, 7; Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 2, 12; PFay 129, 2) Ac 17:18. πρὸς ἀλλήλους 4:15.② to give careful thought to, consider, ponder (Pla., Crat. 384a μαντείαν; Philo, In Flacc. 139; Jos., Ant. 2, 72 συμβαλὼν τῷ λογισμῷ τὸ ὄναρ) τὰ ῥήματα συμβάλλουσα ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτῆς Lk 2:19 (cp. our colloquial ‘get it all together’).③ to draw a conclusion by comparing, compare (Hdt. et al.; pap; Sir 22:1f; Jos., Ant. 1, 105) τινά τινι someone with someth. ἑαυτὸν ξύλῳ 1 Cl 23:4=2 Cl 11:3 (quot. of unknown orig.).④ to come together at a point, meet, fall in with (Hom. et al.; pap) τινί someone (on a journey; cp. Jos., Ant. 1, 219; 2, 184; Just., D. 68, 1; 80, 4) Ac 20:14. Cp. MPol 8:1.⑤ to come into conflict w. someoneⓐ engage, fight someone τινί (Polyb. 1, 9, 7; 3, 111, 1 al.; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 16, 6; 1 Macc 4:34; 2 Macc 8:23; 14:17) εἰς πόλεμον meet someone in battle, wage war on someone Lk 14:31 (cp. εἰς μάχην Polyb. 3, 56, 6; Jos., Bell. 1, 191, Ant. 12, 342; πρὸς μάχην Polyb. 10, 37, 4).ⓑ quarrel, dispute τινί with someone (PSI 93, 4 συνέβαλον τοῖς ἐπιτρόποις) συμβάλλειν αὐτῷ περὶ πλειόνων quarrel with him about many things Lk 11:53 v.l.⑥ to be of assistance, help, be of assistance, mid. (Philo, Migr. Abr. 219; Just., D. 46, 7) τινί (to) someone (Pla.; Demosth. 21, 133; Antiphon 5, 79 p. 138, 37 πολλὰ συμβ. τοῖς βουλομένοις; Polyb. 2, 13, 1; Epict. 3, 22, 78 πλείονά τινι ς.; PLond VI, 1915, 13; Wsd 5:8; Jos., Ant. 12, 312; Ar. [Milne 74, 22]; Tat. 24, 1) Apollos συνεβάλετο πολὺ τοῖς πεπιστευκόσιν Ac 18:27. συνεβάλλοντο … πάντες οἱ ἀδελφοὶ ὡς μηδὲν λυπηθῆναι Παῦλον all the fellowship were helping (as much as possible) … that Paul should not be grieved AcPl Ha 7, 17.—M-M s.v. συνβάλλω. EDNT. -
7 δίδωμι
δίδωμι (Hom.+) by-form διδῶ (B-D-F §94, 1; Rob. 311f) Rv 3:9 (δίδω Tregelles, δίδωμι v.l.), 3 sg. διδοῖ (GrBar 7:2), 3 pl. διδόασι; impf. 3 sg. ἐδίδου, ἐδίδει (Hs 6, 2, 7; cp. Mk 4:8 cod. W), 3 pl. ἐδίδουν, ἐδίδοσαν J 19:3; ptc. διδῶν (Hs 8, 3, 3); fut. δώσω; 1 aor. ἔδωκα, subj. 3 sg. δώσῃ J 17:2; Rv 8:3 v.l. (on this W-S.§14, 9; B-D-F §95, 1; Rob. 308f), 1 pl. δώσωμεν Mk 6:37 v.l., 3 pl. δώσωσιν Rv 4:9 v.l.; pf. δέδωκα; plpf. ἐδεδώκειν (and without augm. δεδώκειν Mk 14:44; Lk 19:15; J 11:57); 2 aor. subj. 3 sg. δῷ J 15:16 (δώῃ v.l.); also in the form δώῃ Eph 1:17; 2 Ti 2:25 (in both δῷ as v.l.): in all these cases read δώῃ subj., not δῴη opt., s. below; δοῖ Mk 8:37 (B-D-F §95, 2; Mlt. 55; Rdm.2 97f and Glotta 7, 1916, 21ff; GKilpatrick in Festschrift JSchmid ’63, 135), pl. δῶμεν, δῶτε, δῶσιν; 2 aor. opt. 3 sg. Hellenist. (also LXX) δῴη for δοίη Ro 15:5; 2 Th 3:16; 2 Ti 1:16, 18 (on Eph 1:17; 2 Ti 2:25 s. above); 2 aor. impv. δός, δότε, inf. δοῦναι, ptc. δούς; pf. δέδωκα LXX. Pass.: 1 fut. δοθήσομαι (W-S. §14, 8ff); 1 aor. ἐδόθην; pf. δέδομαι.① to give as an expression of generosity, give, donate as a gen. principle: μακάριόν ἐστιν μᾶλλον διδόναι ἢ λαμβάνειν it is more blessed to give than to receive Ac 20:35 (Theophyl. Sim., Ep. 42 τὸ διδόναι ἢ τὸ λαβεῖν οἰκειότερον); cp. 1 Cl 2:1; Hm 2:4ff (the contrast δίδωμι … λαμβάνω is frequently found: Epicharmus, Fgm. 273 Kaibel; Com. Fgm. Adesp. 108, 4 K.; Maximus Tyr. 32, 10c ὀλίγα δούς, μεγάλα ἔλαβες; Sir 14:16; Tat. 29, 2).—On the logion Ac 20:35 s. Unknown Sayings 77–81: giving is blessed, not receiving (cp. EHaenchen on Ac 20:35; Aristot., EN 4, 3, 26; Plut., Mor. 173d). S. μᾶλλον 3c. δὸς τοῖς πτωχοῖς give to the poor Mt 19:21 (HvonCampenhausen, Tradition u. Leben ’60, 114–56). τινὶ ἔκ τινος give someone some (of a substance: Tob 4:16; Ezk 48:12) Mt 25:8. S. also 7:11; 14:7.② to give someth. out, give, bestow, grant δ. δακτύλιον εἰς τὴν χεῖρα put a ring on the finger Lk 15:22 (cp. Esth 3:10—δίδωμί τι εἰς τ. χεῖρα also Aristoph., Nub. 506; Herodas 3, 70). give τινί τι someth. to someone τὸ ἅγιον τοῖς κυσίν Mt 7:6 (Ps.-Lucian, Asin. 33 τὰ ἔγκατα τοῖς κυσὶ δότε).—A certificate of divorce to one’s wife 5:31 (Dt 24:1; conversely of the wife Just., A II, 2, 6 ῥεπούδιον δοῦσα); without dat. 19:7. Of bread (w. dat. or acc. somet. to be supplied fr. the context) 26:26f; Mk 2:26; 14:22; Lk 6:4; 11:7f; 22:19; J 21:13 (difft. Mt 14:19; 15:36; Mk 6:41; 8:6 the disciples transfer to others what they have received). W. inf. foll. δ. τινὶ φαγεῖν give someone someth. to eat Mt 14:16; 25:35, 42; Mk 5:43; 6:37; J 6:31 al. (cp. Gen 28:20; Ex 16:8, 15; Lev 10:17); someth. to drink Mt 27:34; Mk 15:23; J 4:7; Rv 16:6 (Hdt. 4, 172, 4; Aristoph., Pax 49; Jos., Ant. 2, 64; schol. on Nicander, Alexiph. 146 δὸς πιεῖν τί τινι, without dat. 198; PGM 13, 320 δὸς πεῖν[=πιεῖν]; Jos., Ant. 2, 64).—τὰς ῥάβδους GJs 9:1.—Lk 15:29 (Hipponax 43 Deg.).③ to express devotion, give δόξαν δ. θεῷ give God the glory, i.e. praise, honor, thanks (Josh 7:19; Ps 67:35; 1 Esdr 9:8; 2 Ch 30:8 and oft.) Lk 17:18; J 9:24 (practically=promise under oath to tell the truth); Ac 12:23 al. δόξαν καὶ τιμήν (2 Ch 32:33) give glory and honor Rv 4:9. Through a sacrificial offering θυσίαν δ. bring an offering Lk 2:24 (cp. Jos., Ant. 7, 196 θυσίαν ἀποδοῦναι τ. θεῷ).④ to cause to happen, esp. in ref. to physical phenomena, produce, make, cause, give fig. extension of mng. 1 ὑετὸν δ. (3 Km 17:14; Job 5:10; Zech 10:1; PsSol 5:9) yield rain Js 5:18; send rain Ac 14:17. τέρατα cause wonders to appear Ac 2:19 (Jo 3:3). Of heavenly bodies φέγγος δ. give light, shine Mt 24:29; Mk 13:24 (cp. Is 13:10). Of a musical instrument φωνὴν δ. (cp. Ps 17:14; 103:12; Jdth 14:9; Pind., N. 5, 50b [93]) produce a sound 1 Cor 14:7f.⑤ to put someth. in care of another, entrustⓐ of things entrust τινί τι someth. to someone money Mt 25:15; Lk 19:13, 15; the keys of the kgdm. Mt 16:19; perh. Lk 12:48. W. εἰς τὰς χεῖρας added J 13:3 (cp. Gen 39:8; Is 22:21; 29:12 al.) or ἐν τῇ χειρί τινος 3:35 (cp. Jdth 9:9; Da 1:2; 7:25 Theod.; 1 Macc 2:7). Of spiritual things J 17:8, 14; Ac 7:38.ⓑ of pers. τινά τινι entrust someone to another’s care J 6:37, 39; 17:6, 9, 12, 24; Hb 2:13 (Is 8:18).ⓐ of payment pay, give τινί τι Mt 20:4; 26:15; 28:12; Mk 14:11; Lk 22:5; Rv 11:18. Fig. repay someone (Mélanges Nicole, var. contributors, JNicole Festschr. 1905, p. 246 [HvanHerwerden=PLips 40 III, 3 p. 129] λίθῳ δέδωκεν τῷ υἱῷ μου; Ps 27:4) Rv 2:23. Of taxes, tribute, rent, etc. τινὶ ἀπό τινος pay rent of someth. Lk 20:10 (cp. 1 Esdr 6:28). τὶ pay (up), give someth. Mt 16:26; 27:10; Mk 8:37; δ. κῆνσον, φόρον καίσαρι pay tax to the emperor (Jos., Bell. 2, 403) Mt 22:17; Mk 12:14; Lk 20:22. Of inheritance pay out a portion of property Lk 15:12.ⓑ as commercial t.t. for bookkeeping λόγον δ. render account (POxy 1281, 9 [21 A.D.]; PStras 32, 9 δότω λόγον; cp. Phil 4:15) Ro 14:12.ⓒ of a bank deposit, equivalent to τιθέναι put, place, deposit ἀργύριον ἐπὶ τράπεζαν put money in the bank Lk 19:23.⑦ appoint to special responsibility, appoint (Num 14:4) κριτάς judges Ac 13:20; w. double acc. appoint someone someth. (PLille 28, II [III B.C.] αὐτοῖς ἐδώκαμεν μεσίτην Δωρίωνα) τοὺϚ μὲν ἀποστόλους some (to be) apostles Eph 4:11. τινὰ κεφαλήν make someone head 1:22. Also δ. τινὰ εἴς τι B 14:7 (Is 42:6).⑧ to cause someth. to happen, give (Philo, Leg. All. 3, 106 δ. χρόνον εἰς μετάνοιαν) δ. γνῶσιν σωτηρίας= to give (his people) knowledge of salvation = to tell (his people) how to be saved Lk 1:77.⑨ to bear as a natural product, yield, produce of a field and its crops καρπὸν δ. yield fruit (Ps 1:3) Mt 13:8; Mk 4:7f; fig. ἔδωκεν μοὶ Κύριος καρπὸν δικαιοσύνης αὐτοῦ GJs 6:3 (Pr 11:30).⑩ to dedicate oneself for some purpose or cause, give up, sacrifice τὸ σῶμά μου τὸ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν διδόμενον my body, given up for you Lk 22:19 (cp. Thu. 2, 43, 2; Libanius, Declam. 24, 23 Förster οἱ ἐν Πύλαις ὑπὲρ ἐλευθερίας τ. Ἑλλήνων δεδωκότες τὰ σώματα; of Menas δ. ἀπροφασίστως ἑαυτόν ‘gave of himself unstintingly’ OGI 339, 19f; Danker, Benefactor 321–23; for use of δ. in a testamentary context cp. Diog. L. 5, 72); ἑαυτὸν (τὴν ψυχὴν) δ. give oneself up, sacrifice oneself (ref. in Nägeli 56; 1 Macc 6:44; 2:50) w. dat. 2 Cor 8:5. λύτρον ἀντι πολλῶν give oneself up as a ransom for many Mt 20:28; Mk 10:45 (ἀντί 3). Also ἀντίλυτρον ὑπέρ τινος 1 Ti 2:6. ὐπέρ τινος for or because of a person or thing J 10:15 v.l.; Gal 1:4; Tit 2:14; AcPl Ha 8, 24 (on the form of these passages s. KRomaniuk, NovT 5, ’62, 55–76). ἑαυτὸν δ. τῷ θανάτῳ ISm 4:2 (cp. Just., A I, 21, 2 πυρί); δ. ἑαυτὸν εἰς τὸ θηρίον face the beast Hv 4, 1, 8.⑪ to cause (oneself) to go, go, venture somewhere (cp. our older ‘betake oneself’) (Polyb. 5, 14, 9; Diod S 5, 59, 4; 14, 81, 2; Jos., Ant. 7, 225; 15, 244) εἰς τὸ θέατρον Ac 19:31; εἰς τὴν ἔρημον GJs 1:4.⑫ to use an oracular device, draw/cast lots Ac 1:26.⑬ to grant by formal action, grant, allow, freq. of God (cp. 7 above) ἐξουσίαν δ. (Hippol., Ref. 5, 26, 21 grant someone the power or authority, give someone the right, etc. (cp. TestJob 20:3; Jos., Ant. 2, 90, Vi. 71) Mt 9:8; 28:18; 2 Cor 13:10; Rv 9:3; 1 Cl 61:1; τοῦ πατεῖν ἐπάνω τινός tread on someth. Lk 10:19. τὴν σοφίαν τοῦ γράψαι τὴν ἱστορίαν ταύτην the ability to write this account GJs 25:1. ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς δύναμιν καὶ ἐξουσίαν ἐπί Lk 9:1 (cp. Just., D. 30, 3 ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ δύναμιν). ταῦτά σοι πάντα δώσω i.e. put them under your control Mt 4:9 of the devil. Simple δ. w. inf. (Appian, Liby. 19 §78 ἢν [=ἐὰν] ὁ θεὸς δῷ ἐπικρατῆσαι 106 §499) δέδοται it is given, granted to someone γνῶναι τὰ μυστήρια to know the secrets Mt 13:11; cp. ἡ δοθεῖσα αὐτῷ γνῶσις B 9:8 (Just., D. 7, 3 εἰ μή τῳ θεός δῷ συνιέναι) ἔδωκεν ζωὴν ἔχειν he has granted (the privilege) of having life J 5:26. μετὰ παρρησίας λαλεῖν to speak courageously Ac 4:29 and oft. Rather freq. the inf. is to be supplied fr. the context (Himerius, Or. 38 [4], 8 εἰ θεὸς διδοίη=if God permits) οἷς δέδοται sc. χωρεῖν Mt 19:11. ἦν δεδομένον σοι sc. ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν J 19:11. W. acc. and inf. foll. (Appian, Mithrid. 11, §37; Heliodorus 5, 12, 2 δώσεις με πιστεύειν) οὐδὲ δώσεις τὸν ὅσιόν σου ἰδεῖν διαφθοράν you will not permit your holy one to see corruption Ac 2:27; 13:35 (both Ps 15:10). ἔδωκεν αὐτὸν ἐμφανῆ γενέσθαι granted that he should be plainly seen 10:40. δὸς … ῥαγήναι τὰ δέσμα grant that our chains be broken AcPl Ha 3,11f. Pregnant constr.: grant, order (Diod S 9, 12, 2 διδ. λαβεῖν=permit to; 19, 85, 3 τὶ=someth.; Appian, Bell. Civ. 4, 125 §524 ὁ καιρὸς ἐδίδου=the opportunity permitted; Biogr. p. 130 ἐδίδου θάπτειν τ. ἄνδρα) ἐδόθη αὐτοῖς ἵνα μὴ ἀποκτείνωσιν orders were given them not to kill Rv 9:5; cp. 19:8.—Of an oath w. double inf. Lk 1:73f. S. also 17 below.⑮ give up, someth. that has been under one’s control for a relatively long time, give up, give back ἡ θάλασσα τ. νεκρούς the sea gave up its dead Rv 20:13.⑯ to proffer someth., extend, offer χεῖρα hold out one’s hand (to someone) Ac 9:41 (cp. 1 Macc 6:58; 2 Macc 12:11; Jos., Bell. 6, 318). (τὸν) μαστὸν τῇ παῖδι GJs 5:2; 6:3.⑰ In many phrases this word relates to an activity or an abstract object, and with tr. freq. determined by the noun object; cp. 13 above.ⓐ of humans: of a plan conceived in a meeting give counsel or advice: δ. for ποιεῖν (cp. κατά A2b β and s. s.v. συμβούλιον), which is read by some mss., in συμβούλιον δ. conspired (against Jesus) Mk 3:6. ἀφορμὴν δ. give an occasion (for someth.) 2 Cor 5:12; Hm 4, 1, 11; μαρτυρίαν δ. give testimony 1 Cl 30:7; δ. τὸ μαρτύριον bear witness AcPl Ha 4, 28; γνώμην δ. give an opinion 1 Cor 7:25; 2 Cor 8:10; ἐγκοπὴν δ. cause a hindrance 1 Cor 9:12; ἐντολὴν δ. command, order J 11:57; 12:49; 1J 3:23; ἐντολὴν καινὴν δ. give a new commandment J 13:34; εὔσημον λόγον δ. speak plainly or intelligibly 1 Cor 14:9; παραγγελίαν δ. give an instruction 1 Th 4:2; δ. τὴν ἐν [κυρίῳ σφραγίδα] seal in the Lord AcPl Ha 11, 23 (restored after the Coptic); προσκοπὴν δ. put an obstacle in (someone’s) way 2 Cor 6:3; δ. ἐκδίκησιν take vengeance 2 Th 1:8; ῥάπισμα δ. τινί slap someone J 18:22; 19:3; σημεῖον δ. give a sign Mt 26:48; τόπον δ. τινί make room for someone (Plut., Gai. Gracch. 840 [13, 3]) Lk 14:9; fig. leave room for Ro 12:19 (cp. τόπος 4); Eph 4:27. ὑπόδειγμα δ. give an example J 13:15; φίλημα δ. τινί give someone a kiss Lk 7:45.—δὸς ἐργασίαν Lk 12:58 is prob. a Latinism=da operam take pains, make an effort (B-D-F §5, 3b note 9; Rob. 109), which nevertheless penetrated the popular speech (OGI 441, 109 [senatorial decree 81 B.C.]; POxy 742, 11 [colloq. letter 2 B.C.] δὸς ἐργασίαν; PMich 203, 7; 466, 33f [Trajan]; PGiss 11, 16 [118 A.D.]; PBrem 5, 8 [117/119 A.D.]).ⓑ esp. oft. of God (Hom. et al.) and Christ: give, grant, impose (of punishments etc.), send, of gifts, peace τινί τι Eph 4:8; 1 Cl 60:4; τινί τινος give someone some of a thing Rv 2:17. Also τινὶ ἔκ τινος 1J 4:13. τὶ εἴς τινα 1 Th 4:8 (Ezk 37:14); εἰς τὰς καρδίας put into the hearts Rv 17:17 (cp. X., Cyr. 8, 2, 20 δ. τινί τι εἰς ψυχήν). Also ἐν τ. καρδίαις δ. (cp. ἐν 3) 2 Cor 1:22; 8:16 (cp. Ezk 36:27). εἰς τὴν διάνοιαν Hb 8:10 (Jer 38: 33); ἐπὶ καρδίας Hb 10:16 (δ. ἐπί w. acc. as Jer 6:21, and s. Jer 38:33 ἐπὶ καρδίας αὐτῶν γράψω). W. ἵνα foll. grant that Mk 10:37.—The pass. occurs very oft. in this sense (Plut., Mor. 265d; 277e) Lk 8:10; Rv 6:4; 7:2; 13:7, 14f and oft. ἐκδίκησιν διδόναι τινί inflict punishment on someone 2 Th 1:8; βασανισμὸν καὶ πένθος δ. τινί send torment and grief upon someone Rv 18:7; ὄνομα δ. GJs 6:2, χάριν δ. (Jos., Bell. 7, 325) Js 4:6; 1 Pt 5:5 (both Pr 3:34); GJs 14:2; υἱοθεσίαν AcPl Ha 2, 28; 9,12; ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν 2, 30f; μεγαλεῖα 6,13. W. gen. foll. over someone Mt 10:1; Mk 6:7; J 17:2.—B. 749. Schmidt, Syn. 193–203. DELG. M-M. TW. -
8 λαλέω
λαλέω impf. ἐλάλουν; fut. λαλήσω; 1 aor. ἐλάλησα; pf. λελάληκα. Pass.: 1 fut. λαληθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἐλαλήθην; pf. λελάλημαι (Soph.+). In older Gk. usu. of informal communication ranging from engagement in small talk to chattering and babbling, hence opp. of λέγω; in later Gk the trend, expressed esp. in the pseudepigr. and our lit., is toward equation with λέγω and broadening of the earlier usage.① to make a sound, sound, give forth sounds/tones (Aesop fab. 248b H./146 H-H./202 Ch./v.l. 141 P.) that form a kind of speech, esp. of inanimate things (e.g. of the echo, Cass. Dio 74, 21, 14; of streams of water Achilles Tat. 2, 14, 8; OdeSol 11:6 τὸ ὕδωρ τὸ λαλοῦν), of thunder ἐλάλησαν αἱ βρονταί Rv 10:4ab. ἐλάλησαν αἱ βρονταὶ τὰς ἑαυτῶν φωνάς vs. 3. Of a trumpet 4:1 (cp. Aristot., De Aud. p. 801a, 29 διὰ τούτων=flutes, etc.; Achilles Tat. 2, 14, 8 of the κιθάρα). Of the blood of Christ, that speaks more effectively than that of Abel (Gen 4:10) Hb 12:24; s. 11:4 (Goodsp., Probs. 188). Cp. J 12:29.② to utter words, talk, speak, of pers.ⓐ of the act of speaking, intr.α. (be able to) speak; to have and use the faculty of speech, in contrast to one who is incapable of speaking (cp. Ps 113:13; 134:16; 3 Macc 4:16; TestSol 10:3 C λ. ἀνθρωπίνως) Mt 9:33; 12:22; 15:31; Mk 7:37; Lk 1:20, 64; 11:14. ἐλάλει ὀρθῶς he could speak plainly (in contrast to the unintelligible utterances of a deaf-mute) Mk 7:35.β. speak, express oneself (Aesop, Fab. 146 H-H. et al.) οὐ γὰρ ὑμεῖς ἐστε οἱ λαλοῦντες it is not you who (will) speak Mt 10:20 (cp. TestAbr A 6 p. 83, 5 [Stone p. 14] ἄγγελος κυρίου ἐστὶν ὁ λαλῶν; AscIs 1, 7, τὸ πνεῦμα … τὸ λαλοῦν ἐν ἐμοί). προφῆται δύο ἢ τρεῖς λαλείτωσαν two or three prophets are to express themselves 1 Cor 14:29. ἔτι αὐτοῦ λαλοῦντος while he was still speaking Mt 17:5; 26:47; Mk 5:35; 14:43; Lk 8:49; 22:47, 60. μηκέτι αὐτοῦ λαλοῦντος AcPl Ha 5, 14 of a lion (?); μηκέτι λαλήσας 10, 25=MartPl Aa I 115, 16.—Lk 5:4; 1 Cor 14:11ab, al.—In contrast to listening (Plut., Mor. 502c λαλοῦντι μὲν πρὸς τ. ἀκούοντας μὴ ἀκούοντι δὲ τ. λαλούντων) Js 1:19; cp. 1 Cor 14:35.—In contrast to keeping silent (Lucian, Vit. Auct. 3) οὐκ ἤφιεν λαλεῖν τ. δαιμόνια Mk 1:34; Lk 4:41 (λέγειν v.l.). λάλει καὶ μὴ σιωπήσῃς Ac 18:9. οὐ γὰρ ἐπιτρέπεται λαλείν (women) are not permitted to express themselves 1 Cor 14:34f (cp. Plut., Mor. 142d: a woman ought to take care of her home and be quiet; for she should either converse with her husband or through him). This pass. refers to expression in a congregational assembly, which would engage not only in worship but in discussion of congregational affairs; the latter appears to be implied here, for it was contrary to custom for Hellenic women, in contrast to their privileges in certain cultic rites (cp. 1 Cor 11:5), to participate in public deliberations (s. Danker, Benefactor 164, w. ref. to IG II, 1369, 107–9; for other views s. comm.).—In contrast to acting Js 2:12.γ. The pers. to whom or with whom one is speaking is mentioned in various ways: in the dat. λ. τινί speak to or with someone (Aristoph., Equ. 348; Philemon Com. 11 Kock; Menander, Periciromene 220 σοί; Aelian, Ep. 14 p. 181, 1; Diog. L. 9, 64; pseudepigr.; Just., A I, 63, 14. λ. ἑαυτῷ=with oneself; Lev 1:1f; Ezk 33:30b) Mt 12:46ab, 47; 13:10; Mk 16:19; Lk 1:22; 24:6, 32; J 4:26 (cp. CB I/2, 566f no. 467–69 Ἀθάνατος Ἐπιτύνχανος says of himself: ἐγὼ εἶμαι ὁ λαλῶν πάντα); 9:29; 12:29; 15:22; Ac 9:27; Ro 7:1; 1 Cor 3:1; 1 Th 2:16; Hb 1:1f; by πρός and the acc. (Plut. Mor. 502c [s. β above]; Ps.-Lucian, Asin. 44; Gen 27:6; Ex 30:11, 17, 22; JosAs 14:7 al.; ParJer 3:5; ApcMos 28; SibOr 3, 669; Just., D. 27, 3) Lk 1:19, 55; Ac 4:1; 8:26; 11:20; 26:31 (cp. Lat. ire in consilium; Taubenschlag, OpMin. II 725 [the pap ref. is unsatisfactory]); by μετά and the gen. (Gen 35:13) Mk 6:50; J 4:27; 9:37; 14:30; Rv 1:12; 10:8; 17:1; 21:9, 15. μὴ διαλίπῃς λαλῶν εἰς τὰ ὦτα τῶν ἁγίων Hv 4, 3, 6.—The pers. or thing spoken about is expressed by περί w. the gen. (PSI 361, 5 [251 B.C.] λαλήσας περί μου; PFay 126, 4 [c. 200 A.D.]; Gen 19:21; Ezk 33:30a; TestAbr B 8 p. 112 14 [Stone p. 72]; TestJob 46:7; JosAs 6:2 al.; Philo, Fuga 33, 30a) J 8:26; 12:41; Ac 2:31; Hb 2:5; 4:8.—τινὶ περί τινος (PPetr II, 13 (6), 9 [III B.C.]) Lk 2:38; 9:11; pass. Ac 22:10.δ. The speaking or uttering can be more closely defined: κακῶς, καλῶς J 18:23. ὡς νήπιος 1 Cor 13:11. ὡς δράκων (hissed?) Rv 13:11. στόμα πρὸς στόμα face to face (cp. Num 12:8; ApcEsdr 6:6 p. 31, 10 Tdf.) 2J 12; 3J 14. εἰς ἀέρα 1 Cor 14:9. κατὰ κύριον 2 Cor 11:17. ἐκ τοῦ περισσεύματος τ. καρδίας τὸ στόμα λαλεῖ Mt 12:34; Lk 6:45. ἐκ τῆς γῆς J 3:31 (cp. Lev 1:1 λ. ἐκ τῆς σκηνῆς). ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων J 8:44. παρρησίᾳ 7:13, 26. ἐν παρρησίᾳ 16:29. ἐν παραβολαῖς Mt 13:10, 13. χωρὶς παραβολῆς Mk 4:34. λ. (ἐν) ψαλμοῖς speak in psalms Eph 5:19. Of prophets λ. ἐν πνεύματι D 11:7 (Just., D. 7, 1). Of God λ. διὰ στόματος τ. προφητῶν Lk 1:70; cp. Ac 28:25.ε. as subst. ptc. τὰ λαλούμενα (Paradox. Vat. 2 Keller; Jos., Ant. 16, 321; Just., D. 7, 2) ὑπό τινος Ac 13:45; 16:14. τὰ λελαλημένα (EpArist 299; cp. TestSol 20:21 τὰ … λαληθέντα μοι) αὐτῇ παρὰ κυρίου Lk 1:45.—For λαλεῖν γλώσσῃ and λ. γλώσσαις s. γλῶσσα 3.ⓑ of speech with ref. to what is expressed (the ability to λ. can generate λόγοι Aesop, Vi. G 7f P.), trans. speak and thereby assert, proclaim, say τὶ someth. (X., Cyr. 1, 4, 1 πολλά; Demosth. 45, 77 μέγα; Paradox. Vat. 2 τὰ ὀνόματα) τὰ ῥήματα τ. θεοῦ J 3:34. ῥῆμα Mt 12:36; cp. J 8:20 (JosAs 14:14 al.; ParJer 3:4.). τὸν λόγον Mk 8:32; J 12:48; Ac 4:29, 31 (λαλ. τι μετὰ παρρησίας as Jos., Ant. 16, 113); 8:25; 14:25; 16:6, 32. τὰ μεγαλεῖα τ. θεοῦ Ac 2:11 (TestJob 38:1). βλασφημίας Lk 5:21; cp. Ac 6:11 (JosAs 13:9; Just., D. 32, 3). σοφίαν 1 Cor 2:6f. μυστήρια 14:2; cp. Col 4:3. τὰ μὴ δέοντα 1 Ti 5:13. τὸ στόμα λαλεῖ ὑπέρογκα Jd 16; μεγάλα Rv 13:5. τί Mt 10:19; Mk 13:11; J 12:49. ὸ̔ λαλεῖ Mk 11:23; cp. J 10:6; 12:50. ταῦτα Lk 24:36; J 8:28, 30; 12:36; 17:1; AcPl Ha 10, 11. ἐλάλησέν τι περὶ σοῦ πονηρόν Ac 28:21 (cp. 3 Km 22:8, 13b; JosAs 12:5). ἐσύρετο μηδὲν λαλῶν (Paul) let himself be dragged in without saying a word AcPl Ha 4, 11.—Pass. λαλεῖταί τι someth. is said, proclaimed, reported (cp. the ins for mother and brother [APF 5, 1913, 169 no. 24, 8] ὧν καὶ ἡ σωφροσύνη κατὰ τ. κόσμον λελάληται, also Ps 86:3) Mt 26:13; Mk 14:9; cp. Hb 2:3; 9:19 ἡ λαλουμένη διδαχή Ac 17:19. ὁ λαληθεὶς λόγος Hb 2:2. ἐλαλήθη ὅτι 11:18 (B-D-F §397, 3).—Oft., in addition, the pers. spoken to is mentioned, in the dat. ἄλλην παραβολὴν ἐλάλησεν αὐτοῖς Mt 13:33. ἐλάλει αὐτοῖς τὸν λόγον he proclaimed the word to them Mk 2:2; 4:33; J 15:3; Ac 11:19. ἐλάλησεν αὐτοῖς πολλὰ ἐν παραβολαῖς Mt 13:3; cp. vs. 34. τὸ ῥῆμα … αὐτοῖς Lk 2:50; cp. J 6:63.—8:40 (ἀλήθειαν λ. as Eph 4:25 below); 14:25; 15:11; 16:1, 4, 6. ἀνθρώποις λαλεῖ οἰκοδομήν 1 Cor 14:3; w. πρός and acc. (Gen 18:19; Zech 8:16) λόγους … ἐλάλησα πρὸς ὑμᾶς Lk 24:44 (cp. Dt 10:4).—Ac 3:22; 11:14; 1 Th 2:2; w. ἐν and the dat. σοφίαν λαλοῦμεν ἐν τ. τελείοις we discourse of wisdom among those who are mature 1 Cor 2:6; w. μετά and the gen. λαλεῖτε ἀλήθειαν ἕκαστος μετὰ τοῦ πλησίον αὐτοῦ Eph 4:25 (cp. Zech 8:16). ὅσα ἂν λαλήσω μετὰ σοῦ Hs 5, 3, 2; cp. Hs ins.—W. the speaking definitely characterized ταῦτα ἐν παροιμίαις λελάληκα ὑμῖν J 16:25a. κατὰ ἄνθρωπον ταῦτα λαλῶ 1 Cor 9:8. ἐν ἐκκλησίᾳ θέλω πέντε λόγους τῷ νοί̈ μου λαλῆσαι 14:19. πάντα ἐν ἀληθείᾳ ἐλαλήσαμεν ὑμῖν 2 Cor 7:14. ἀφόβως τὸν λόγον τ. θεοῦ λαλεῖν Phil 1:14. λ. τι εἰς τὰ ὦτά τινος communicate someth. to someone personally (cp. Dt 5:1) Hv 3, 8, 11 (for 4, 3, 6 s. 2aγ above). λ. τι πρὸς τὸ οὖς whisper someth. in someone’s ear (so that no one else hears it; cp. Jos., Ant. 6, 165) Lk 12:3.③ In a number of passages the content of the speaking is introduced by λέγων (s. λέγω 1bθא), just as in the OT (Gen 34:8; 41:9; 42:22; Ex 31:12; Lev 20:1; TestAbr B 12 p. 116, 28 [Stone p. 80]; TestJob 7:1 al.; ParJer 1:1; 1:6 al.; ApcMos 16) Mt 13:3; 14:27; 23:1; 28:18; J 8:12; Ac 8:26; Rv 4:1; 17:1 al. Optional: εἶπον, q.v., end.—B. 1254. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. -
9 πράσσω
πράσσω impf. ἔπρασσον; fut. πράξω; 1 aor. ἔπραξα; pf. πέπραχα. Pass.: 1 aor. ἐπράχθην; pf. ptc. πεπραγμένος (Hom.+ [the Attic form πράττω Ac 17:7 v.l.; 19:36 v.l.; Col 4:9 v.l., cp. Gignac I 151; for ins Threatte II 650f]; ins, pap, LXX, EpArist, Philo, Joseph., Test12Patr; Just., D. 35, 7 opp. λόγος).① to bring about or accomplish someth. through activity, trans.ⓐ do, accomplish (oft. used without distinction betw. itself and ποιεῖν, as Diod S 16, 27, 1 ἔξεστιν αὐτῷ πράττειν ὸ̔ βούλεται. Cp. Ro 1:32; 2:3; IMg 7:1). τὶ someth. προσέχετε ἑαυτοῖς … τί μέλλετε πράσσειν Ac 5:35; πάντα πρ. IMg 4; 6:1; cp. 7:1; ITr 2:2 al. πρᾶξιν πράσσειν (s. also farther below) do a deed, do someth. Hs 5, 2, 11; τὰ πνευματικὰ πρ. do spiritual things IEph 8:2a. ἄξια τῆς μετανοίας ἔργα πρ. do deeds that are consistent with repentance, act in a manner consistent etc. Ac 26:20. τὴν δικαιοσύνην 2 Cl 19:3 (cp. Xenophanes 1, 16 Diehl2 τὰ δίκαια πρήσσειν). εἴτε ἀγαθὸν εἴτε φαῦλον 2 Cor 5:10; cp. Ro 9:11.—1 Cor 9:17; Eph 6:21; Phil 4:9.—Pass. οὐ γάρ ἐστιν ἐν γωνίᾳ πεπραγμένον τοῦτο Ac 26:26.—Mostly of actions that are not praiseworthy (TestAbr B 10 p. 115, 8 [Stone p. 78] εἴ τι ἔπραξεν ἐκ νεότητος αὐτῆς; ApcEsdr 4:24 μικρὸν θέλημα πράξας) do, commit τὶ someth. Lk 22:23; 23:41a; Ro 1:32ab; 2:1–3; 7:15; 2 Cor 12:21 (ᾗ by attraction for ἥν); Gal 5:21; 1 Cl 35:6; 2 Cl 4:5; 10:5; Hm 3:3; D 1:5 (περὶ ὧν = περὶ τούτων ἅ). τὸ ἔργον τοῦτο πρ. 1 Cor 5:2 (Herodas 3, 62; cp. 82 ἔργα πράσσειν=commit evil deeds; τὸ ἔργον πρ. as Jos., Vi. 47). τὴν πολυτέλειαν τῶν ἐθνῶν πρ. Hs 1:10; ἄτοπον τι πρ. Lk 23:41b (ἄτοπος 2). (τὸ) κακόν (Pr 13:10 κακά; Jos., Ant. 19, 193) Ro 7:19; 13:4. τὸ πονηρόν Hm 10, 2, 4. πονηρά 2 Cl 8:2; 19:2. πονηρὰ ἔργα Hs 6, 3, 5; cp. 6. πονηρίαν 8, 8, 2. προπετές τι Ac 19:36. (τὰ) φαῦλα J 3:20; 5:29. πρᾶξιν πράσσειν commit a(n evil) deed (πρᾶξις 4b) Hm 4, 2, 2; 10, 2, 3 (ᾗ by attraction for ἥν); pl. Hs 8, 9, 4; 8, 10, 4. ἄλλα τινὰ πράσσοντες ἀνάξια θεοῦ while doing certain other things unworthy of God IEph 7:1. ἄξιον θανάτου πράσσειν τι do someth. worthy of death Ac 25:11, 25; 26:31; pass. οὐδὲν ἄξιον θανάτου ἐστὶν πεπραγμένον αὐτῷ (by him, B-D-F §191; Rob. 534; cp. Demosth. 29, 1 τὰ τούτῳ πεπραγμένα; Diod S 17, 1, 2; Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 44 §180 τὰ Καίσαρι πεπραγμένα; Chariton 2, 5, 8 πέπρακταί σοί τι δεινόν=a terrible deed has been committed by you; Syntipas p. 17, 1 τὰ πραχθέντα μοι; PTebt 23, 8 [119 or 114 B.C.] πέπρακταί σοι; Jos., Ant. 14, 161 τὰ Ἡρῴδῃ πεπραγμένα; Ath. 20, 2 τὰ πραχθέντα αὐτοῖς. Other exx. in Mlt-H. 459; Schmid IV 612) Lk 23:15. πρὸς τὸ ὄνομα Ἰησοῦ πολλὰ ἐναντία πρᾶξαι Ac 26:9 (ἐναντία πρ. as X., Cyr. 8, 7, 24). μηδὲν πράξῃς σεαυτῷ κακόν do yourself no harm 16:28.—Ign. is fond of combinations w. κατά and the acc. μηδὲν κατʼ ἐριθείαν πρ. IPhld 8:2; κατὰ θεόν τι πρ. 4; κατὰ σάρκα τι πρ. do someth. in the (physical) body IEph 8:2b; likew. 16:2 do someth. that involves the physical i.e. in contrast to corruption of the gospel, as false teachers do.—More in the sense practice, busy oneself with, mind τὶ someth. τὰ περίεργα magic Ac 19:19. τὰ ἴδια one’s own affairs 1 Th 4:11 (ἴδιος 4b and Soph., El. 678 σὺ μὲν τὰ σαυτῆς πρᾶσσε; X., Mem. 2, 9, 1 τὰ ἑαυτοῦ πρ.). τὰ πολλὰ πρ. busy oneself with many things Hs 4:5; νόμον πρ. observe the law Ro 2:25.ⓑ collect taxes, duties, interest (Hdt. et al.; Theophr., Char. 6, 10; ins, pap, LXX; Jos., Ant. 9, 233 al.) τὶ someth. Lk 19:23. W. connotation in the direction of ‘extort’ 3:13 (cp. OGI 519, 22 τὰ μὴ ὀφειλόμενα αὐτοῖς παραπράσσουσιν).② to engage in activity or behave in a certain way, intr. act, behave κατὰ ἄγνοιαν πρ. Ac 3:17; ἀπέναντι τῶν δογμάτων πρ. act contrary to the decrees 17:7 (opp. εὖ πράσσειν); καθὰ πράσσομεν in our actions IMg 10:1. εὖ πράσσειν act rightly, do well (Just., A I, 28, 3 [-ττ-]; cp. POxy 1067, 3 [III A.D.] καλῶς πρ. and Appian, Hann. 2, §3 πρ. κακῶς) IEph 4:2; ISm 11:3; prob. also Ac 15:29 because of the focus on performance of decretal specifications (cp. the formulation εὖ ποίησετε … ἀποδεχάμενα IMagnMai 91d, 8–10; Danker, Benefactor 311f; s. εὖ and 3 below).③ to experience what is going on, be, be situated, intr. (Pind., Hdt.; pap) εὖ πρ. be well off (s. εὖ 1) so perh. Ac 15:29 (cp. POxy 120, 27 [IV A.D.]; s. 2 above; w. either interp. there is envisaged a positive effect on the beneficiaries resulting from their compliance). ἵνα εἰδῆτε … τί πράσσω in order that you may know … how (lit. ‘in respect to what’) I am getting along Eph 6:21 (Soph., Oed. R. 74 τί πράσσει; Pla., Tht. 174b; BGU 93, 32 δήλωσόν μοι, τί ἔπραξας; 821, 8; Jos., Ant. 6, 176; 19, 239).—B. 537f. DELG. Schmidt, Syn. I 397–423. M-M. TW. Sv. -
10 τίθημι
Aτιθεῖς Pi.P.8.11
, S.Ph. 992 cod. B ( τιθείς LA rec.), E.Cyc. 545 codd. Lp (- θείς P, l), Alc. codd. pler., corrupted to Stob., Arr.Epict.3.22.76, Pl.Euthd. 301e ([etym.] ἐπι-), Lib. Or.46.28 ([etym.] προς-) ; ἐν-τιθεῖς (v.l. -εὶς) Ar.Eq. 717;περι-τιθεῖς BGU 1141.19
(i B.C.); but τίθης is found in Pl.R.l.c. codd. AD, Ar. l.c. cod. A, Lib.Or.27.11 ([etym.] προς-), etc., and is taught by Choerob. in Theod. 2.328 H.; [dialect] Ep.τίθησθα Od.9.404
, 24.476, and so in [dialect] Aeol., Alc.Supp.4.27 (τίθεισθα Hsch.
); [ per.] 3sg.τίθησι Il.4.83
, al., and [dialect] Att.; [dialect] Dor. (Megara, iv B.C.), Theoc.3.48; [ per.] 3pl.τιθέασι Th.5.96
, Alex.128; [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion.τιθεῖσι Il.16.262
, Hes.Th. 597, Hdt.2.91 (also A.Ag. 466 (lyr.)); [dialect] Aeol. τίθεισι ([etym.] προ-) Schwyzer 631 A 2 (ii B.C.); [dialect] Dor.τίθεντι IG12(3).103.10
([place name] Nisvrus); [dialect] Ion. [ per.] 3sg.τιθεῖ Il.13.732
, Mimn.1.6, Hdt. 1.113, also Arc., SIG559.16 (Megalop., iii B.C. ) (τιθῶ Luc.Ocyp.43
,81, διατιθῶ cited by A.D.Synt.290.6): [tense] impf. ; , Ar.Nu.59 ([etym.] ἐν-), etc.;ἐτίθει Il.18.541
, al., Ar.Ach. 532, Nu. 63 ([etym.] προς-), etc., [dialect] Ep.τίθει Il.1.441
, al.; [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3pl.τίθεσαν Od.22.456
;τίθεν Pi.P.3.65
;πρό-τιθεν Od.1.112
(Aristarch.); lateἐτίθουν Act.Ap.4.35
; [dialect] Ion. [tense] impf. τίθεσκον Hes Fr.112; ἐτίθεα ([etym.] ὑπερ-) Hdt.3.155: imper.τίθει Il.1.509
, etc.; inf. τιθέναι, not in Hom. or Hes.; [dialect] Ep.τιθήμεναι Il.23.83
; , Pi.P.1.40;τιθεῖν Thgn.286
, IG12(9).189.5 ([place name] Eretria); written (Phrygia, iv A.D.); part. τιθείς, but [dialect] Ion. pl. τιθεῦντες v.l. in Hdt.2.91: [tense] fut. θήσω, [dialect] Ep. inf.θησέμεναι Il.12.35
,θησέμεν Pi.P.10.58
: [tense] aor.1 ἔθηκα, only used in indic., and mostly in sg., for though [ per.] 3pl. is common, the 1 and [ per.] 2pl. are rare, X.Mem.4.2.15, ([etym.] ἀν-) Hyp.Eux.9; even ἔθηκαν is very rare in early Attic,ἀνέθηκαν IG2.1620d
, 22.2971 (both iv B.C.), but is found in Plb.8.4.4, etc.; [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3pl.θῆκαν Il.24.795
, etc.: [tense] aor. 2 ἔθην, not used in indic. sg., whereas pl. is very common, ἔθεμεν, ἔθετε, ἔθεσαν, [dialect] Ep.θέσαν 12.29
, etc.; imper. , etc.; [dialect] Lacon. [ per.] 3sg. σέτω ib. 1081; subj. θῶ, [dialect] Aeol. and [dialect] Ion.θέω Sapph.12
, ([etym.] προς-) Hdt.1.108, [dialect] Ep.θείω Il.16.83
, al. (for Θή-ω); [dialect] Ep. 2 and [ per.] 3sg. θήῃς, θήῃ, 6.432, 16.96, Od.10.301, 341 (sts. with the opt. forms θείης, θείη as v.l.); [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 1pl. θέωμεν (disyll.) 24.485, θείομεν (for Θήο-μεν, short-vowel subjunctive) Il.23.244, Od.13.364; opt. θείην, [ per.] 1pl.θεῖμεν 12.347
, Pl.Prt. 343e ( θείημεν codd. BT),προς-θεῖμεν Id.R. 370d
, andκατα-θεῖτε D.14.27
; [ per.] 3pl. ; inf. θεῖναι, [dialect] Ep.θέμεναι Il.2.285
,θέμεν Od.21.3
, Hes.Op.61,67; [dialect] Dor.θέμειν IG 12(1).677.13
(Rhodes, iv B.C.); part.θείς Il.23.254
, etc.: [tense] pf. τέθηκα [dialect] Att. Inscrr., IG22.2490.7 (iv B.C.), ([etym.] ἀνα-) ib.839.38, 1299.44, 1534.76, also at Delos, ib.11(2).161 A6 (iii B.C.), etc., and in Papyri, POxy. 1087.42 (i B.C.); (iii B.C.), ([etym.] ὑπο-) PPetr.3p.53 (iii B.C.), ([etym.] ἐκ-) UPZ62.4 (ii B.C.), ([etym.] ἀνα-) IG22.1011.71,80 (ii B.C.), ([etym.] προς-) Str.1.2.23; hence some editors restore τέθηκα for τέθεικα in Attic authors, as X.Mem.4.4.19, D.20.55, 22.16, 27.36, Alex.15.13; Phocian [ per.] 3pl.ἀνα-τεθέκαντι BCH59.202
([place name] Daulis):—[voice] Med. τίθεμαι, [ per.] 2sg. ; τίθη or τίθῃ dub. in PTeb.768.9 (ii B.C.); as [voice] Pass., AP11.300 (Pall.); imper. , Pl. Sph. 237b, , [dialect] Dor. τίθευσο cj. in AP9.564 (Nic., τιθεύσω cod., τίθεσσο Plan., cf. ἀφίκευσο); [dialect] Ep. part.τιθήμενος Il.10.34
: [tense] fut.θήσομαι 24.402
, etc.: [tense] aor. 1 ἒθηκάμην, only in indic. and part., and never in [dialect] Att.; [ per.] 2sg.ἐθήκαο Theoc.29.18
; [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3sg.θήκατο Il.10.31
, Hes.Sc. 128; part.θηκάμενος Thgn.1150
, Pi.P.4.29: [tense] aor. 2ἐθέμην Il.2.750
, etc.; [dialect] Ep. and Lyr. [ per.] 3sg.θέτο 10.149
, Pi.N.10.89; imper.θέο Od. 10.333
, ; subj. , etc.; [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 2sg.θῆαι Od. 19.403
; opt. , etc.; [ per.] 3sg.θεῖτο Od.17.225
, A.Pr. 527 (lyr.), Pl.Tht. 195c, etc. (πρός-θοιτο, -θοισθε, ἔν-θοιτο are found in D. 11.6, 21.188, 34.17, butπρος-θεῖτο Id.6.12
codd.; ἐπιθοίμεθα, -θοιντο, Th.6.34,11; cf.τιθοῖτο X.Mem.3.8.10
): [tense] pf. (v. infr.):—[voice] Pass. (Milet., v B.C.), Pl.Lg. 705e, 744a: [tense] fut. , Pl.Lg. 730b, D.24.17: [tense] aor. , Lys.31.28, etc. (ἐθέθην IG14.862
(Cumae, vi B.C.)): [tense] pf. τέθειμαι, rare in early Gr., LXX 1 Ki.9.24, Ev.Marc.15.47, ([etym.] προς-) Arist.Mech. 853a35; inf. codd. (but f.l.); part.τεθειμένος Demad.12
, ([etym.] προ-) X.Hier.9.11, ([etym.] δια-) Men.591; also used in med. sense, D.21.49, SIG705.17 (Delph., ii B.C.), BGU1735.11 (i B.C.), Luc.Somn.9, ([etym.] ἐν-) D.34.16, ([etym.] προ-) Supp.Epigr.7.62.6 (Seleucia Pieria, ii B.C.), ([etym.] συν-) OGI229.62 (Smyrna, iii B.C.); ὑπεκ-τεθημένος (sic) BCH54.269 (Rhamnus, iii B.C.); ἀνα-τέθηται (pass. sense) Phld.Mus.p.81 K.; Phocian [tense] pf. part. (med. sense)ἀνα-τεθεμένος BCH59.202
([place name] Daulis):— the [voice] Pass. never occurs in Hom., and is generally rare, κεῖμαι being used instead.A in local sense, set, put, place,λίθον Il.21.405
, cf. IG12.373.10, al.;θεμείλια Il.12.29
; τέρματα τ. Od.8.193; κλισίην, θρόνον τ. τινί, set a stool or chair for him, 4.123, 8.65 (so in [voice] Med., set for oneself,δίφρον 20.387
);ἐκελήσατο θέμεν τὰν κλίναν, ἐφ' ἇς τὰν Σωστράταν ἔφερον
lay down,IG
42(1).122.31 (Epid., iv B.C.); πόδα τ. plant the foot, i.e. walk, run, A.Eu. 294, E.IT32: so in [voice] Med., τετράποδος βάσιν θηρὸς τιθέμενος, i.e. going on all fours, Id.Hec. 1059 (lyr.): the mode is expressed by Advbs. or Preps.,a with Advbs., τ. τι πυρὸς ἐγγύς, ἀπάνευθε πυρός, Od.14.518, Il.18.412;προπάροιθε ποδῶν 20.324
;χαμαὶ τ. τὸν πόδα A.Ag. 906
; τὰ ἄνω κάτω and τὰ κάτω ἄνω τ. Hdt.3.3, cf. A.Eu. 651, etc.: with Advbs. implying motion,ἄλλοσε θῆκε Od.23.184
, 204;ἔχεις.. ὅποι θήσεις Pl.R. 479c
:—[voice] Med.,ὅποι.. τιθοῖτο X.Mem.3.8.10
.b with Preps. of local sense, ([voice] Med.,ἀμφ' ὤμοισι τιθήμενον ἔντεα Il.10.34
); ἀνά τινι or τι, asἂμ βωμοῖσι Il.8.441
;ἀνὰ μυρίκην 10.466
; ἐπί τινος, τινι, or τι, asεἵματα ἐπ' ἀπήνης Od.6.252
, cf. Il.16.223, etc.;ἐπὶ κρατὶ κυνέην 15.480
; (v. infr.111.2); ἐπὶ [θρόνον τὰ ἱμάτια] Hdt.1.9, cf. A.Supp. 483, etc.; τὴν ἀρχὴν (sc. τοῦ ἐπιδέσμου) κατὰ μεσοφρύου, ἐπὶ ἰνίον, etc., Sor.Fasc.1,2, al.; ὑπό τινι or τι, asδέμνι' ὑπ' αἰθούσῃ Il.24.644
;ἀμβροσίην ὑπὸ ῥῖνά τινι Od.4.445
: most freq. with the Preps. ἐν or εἰς, put in or put into.., asθῆκεν ἐν ἀκμοθέτῳ ἄκμονα Il.18.476
;τόξα ἐν πυρί 5.215
;ἐν κίστῃ ἐδωδήν Od.6.76
; ἐν λεχέεσσι θ. [τινά] Il.18.352 (so in [voice] Med., ἐς δίφρον ἄρνας θέτο put into the car, 3.310;ὁ θεὸς ἔθετο τὰ μέλη ἐν τῷ σώματι 1 Ep.Cor.12.18
); ἐς λάρνακα, ἐς κάπετον, Il.24.795, 797; ([voice] Med.,ἐν τάφοισι θέσθε Id.OC 1410
), cf. Ant. 504, Tr. 1254.c in Poets also with dat. only,χρήματα μυχῷ ἄντρου Od.13.364
(so in [voice] Med.,κολεῷ ἄορ θέο 10.333
), cf. S.Tr. 691, E.Hel. 1064.--The same constructions will be found under many of the following heads.II Special phrases:1 θεῖναί τινί τι ἐν χερσίν, ἐν χειρί, put it in his hands, Il.1.441, 585, etc.; ἐν χερσί orχείρεσσί τινος 6.482
, 23.597;οἶνον Ὀδυσσῆϊ ἐν χείρεσσι Od.14.448
; ἐς χεῖρά τινος into his hand, S.Aj. 751.2 of women, θέσθαι παῖδα, υἱὸν ὑπὸ ζώνῃ, to have a child put under her girdle, i.e. to conceive, h.Ven. 255, 282.3 ἐν ὄμμασι θέσθαι set before one's eyes, Pi.N.8.43.5 θέσθαι τὴν ψῆφον lay one's voting-pebble on the altar, put it into the urn, : hence simply, give one's vote, ἐπὶ φόνῳ for death, E.Or. 756 (troch.); ἑωυτῷ in one's own favour, Hdt.8.123;σὺν τῷ νόμῳ X.Cyr.1.3.17
; εὔφρονα, δικαίαν τὴν ψῆφον τ., A.Supp. 640 (lyr.), Lycurg.128, etc.; and in [voice] Pass., : also γνώμην θέσθαι, c. inf., give one's opinion, Hdt.7.82;περὶ ἡμῶν And.3.21
: τίθεσθαι abs., vote, codd. (anap., γνώμην Lambinus), Hld.2.29;μετά τινος A.Supp. 644
(lyr.);ἐναντία τινί Pl.Phlb. 58b
; τινι S.E.P.2.37 codd., Lib.Decl.1.65.6 in Hom., θεῖναί τινί τι ἐν στήθεσσι, ἐν φρεσί, etc., put or plant it in his heart,ἐν στήθεσσι τιθεῖ νόον Il.13.732
; βουλὴν ἐν στήθεσσι τ. 17.470;ἔπος ἐν φρεσί 19.121
, al.; alsoμένος δέ οἱ ἐν φρεσὶ θῆκε 21.145
:—[voice] Med., ἄγριον ἐν στήθεσσι θέτο θυμόν laid up wrath in his heart, treasured it there, 9.629; ; τοῖσιν κότον αἰνὸν ἔθεσθε harboured enmity against them, 8.449;καθαρὸν θέμενος νόον Thgn.89
;θέμενος ἄγναμπτον νόον A.Pr. 164
(lyr.); ἐνὶ φρεσὶ θέσθαι, c. inf., bear in mind, think of doing a thing, Od.4.729;θ. [τι] ἐν καρδίᾳ Ev.Luc. 1.66
.7 deposit, as in a bank,τὰ πρυτανεῖα πρὸς τοὺς ἄρχοντας IG12.22.33
; ;ἐνέχυρον τιθέναι τι Ar.Pl. 451
, cf. Ec. 755, D.41.11, PEnteux.32.7 (iii B.C.), etc.:—[voice] Med., .ά, cf. Od.13.207;τὴν τιμὴν θήσονται ἐπὶ τὴν τράπεζαν, ἕως.. PCair.Zen.723.11
(iii B.C.);ἐγγύην θέσθαι A.Eu. 898
;συνθήκας παρά τινι Lycurg.23
:—[voice] Pass.,τὰ ληφθέντα καὶ τὰ τεθεντα D.49.5
(but [voice] Act. and [voice] Med. are sts. distd., ὁ θείς the mortgagor, ὁ θέμενος the mortgagee, , cf. Hyp.Fr. 169, D.53.10; τίθεσθαι seems to have the same meaning as ὑποτίθεσθαι in IG22.43.41, 2758.4, 12(7).55.12 (Arcesine, iv/iii B.C.), but the two are distd. in Supp.Epigr.3.760 (Euboea, iv B.C.)): metaph., χάριν or χάριτα θέσθαι τινί deposit a claim for favour with one, lay an obligation on one, Hdt.9.60, 107, cf. A.Pr. 783, etc.8 pay down, pay, τόκον, εἰσφοράν, μετοίκιον, D.41.9, 22.43, 29.3;τὸ γιγνόμενον Id.18.104
;τὸν πριάμενον ἑκατοστὴν τιθέναι τῆς τιμῆς Thphr.Fr.97.1
;τὴν τιμήν PRev.Laws 18.13
(iii B.C.);τὰ μέρη PCair.Zen.218.33
(iii B.C.); [τὰς δραχμὰς] εἰς ἀνήλωμα τοῦ πλοίου ib.753.64 (iii B.C.):—[voice] Med.,θέμενος ἀρραβῶνα PFlor.303.3
(vi A.D.).b place to account, reckon, D.27.34,36, 28.13;θήσω εἰς δύο παῖδας χιλίας δραχμὰς ἑκάστου ἐνιαυτοῦ Lys.32.28
, cf. ib.21:—metaph. in [voice] Med., ; τἀγαθὰ ἐς ἀμφίβολον ἀσφαλῶς ἔθεντο reckoned as doubtful, Th.4.18.10 in military language, τίθεσθαι or θέσθαι τὰ ὅπλα has four senses,a rest arms, i.e. halt, with arms in an easy position but ready for action, Th.4.44,93, 7.3; θέμενοι ἐς τὴν ἀγορὰν τὰ ὅπλα advancing to the market-place and resting arms there, Id.2.2, cf. Hdt.9.52, X.An.1.5.14, 17, 1.6.4, etc.; εἰς τάξιν τὰ ὅπλα τ. ib.2.2.21, 5.4.11; so ἐν τάξει ib.2.2.8; ἀντία τισί over against them, Hdt.5.74 (in 1.62 ἀντία ἔθεντο τὰ ὅπλα over against it (the temple)); poet., πάτρας ἕνεκα εἰς δῆριν ἔθεντο ὅπλα Inscr. ap. D.18.289.b bear arms, fight,τὸ θυμοειδὲς.. ἐν τῇ τῆς ψυχῆς στάσει τίθεσθαι τὰ ὅπλα πρὸς τὸ λογιστικόν Pl.R. 440e
;τοῦ δήμου.. παρακαλοῦντος τοὺς στρατιώτας τίθεσθαι πρὸς τὴν πόλιν IG22.666.10
;ὃς ἂν μὴ θῆται τὰ ὅπλα μηδὲ μεθ' ἑτέρων Arist.Ath.8.5
, cf. Lys.31.14, D.21.145; so ὁπόσοιπερ ἂν ὅπλα ἱππικὰ ἢ πεζικὰ τιθῶνται who serve on horseback or on foot, Pl.Lg. 753b, cf. 756a;ἐν ταῖς ναυσὶ τὰ ὅπλα θέσθαι Plu.Cim.5
.c lay down one's arms, surrender, D.S.20.31,45; so, without the idea of surrender, θέσθαι τὰς ἀσπίδας X.HG2.4.12 (but [voice] Act.,τὰ ὅπλα θείς Plu.2.759a
).d τὰ ὅπλα εὖ τίθεσθε keep your arms in good order, X.Cyr.4.5.3;εὖ ἀσπίδα θέσθω Il.2.382
.II lay in the grave, bury, (freq. with words added, ἐν τάφοισι, ἐς ταφάς, etc., v. supr. 1 b); ποῦ σφε θήσομεν χθονός; A.Th. 1006 (lyr.):— [voice] Pass.,τὰ δὲ ὀστᾶ φασι.. τεθῆναι.. ἐν τῇ Ἀττικῇ Th.1.138
, cf. Pl.Mx. 242c, Lg. 947e;ἄλλῳ δὲ μηδενὶ ἐξεῖναι ἐν τῷ πυργίσκῳ τεθῆναι μετὰ τὸ ἐνταφῆναι αὐτήν· ἐπεὶ ὁ θείς τινα ἀσεβὴς ἔστω θεοῖς καταχθονίοις TAM 2(1).51
([place name] Telmessus), cf. 55, al., AJP48.30 ([place name] Apamea), Supp.Epigr. 6.221 ([place name] Phrygia), etc.III set up, of the prizes in games,ἄεθλα Il.23.263
, etc.; ἀέθλιον ib. 748; (so in [voice] Pass., τὰ τιθέμενα the prizes, D.61.25); also with the object offered as the prize, τ. δέπας, βοῦν, σόλον, etc., Il.23.656, 750, 826, al., cf. Hdt. 1.144, S.Aj. 573:—this is more fully expressed by ἐς μέσσον τ., Il.23.704: after Hom. more generally, lay before people as common property, ; ; so alsoτ. τι εἰς τὸ κοινὸν X.Mem.3.14.1
; reading and sense are doubtful in A.Ch. 145.2 set up in a temple, dedicate,ἀγάλματα Od.12.347
;τάσδε.. θεοῖς ἀσπίδας ἔθηκε E.Ph. 576
; so perh. Il.6.92 (v. supr. 1b).IV assign, award,τιμήν τινι Il.24.57
;ὄνομά τινι Pl.Sph. 244d
: esp. in [voice] Med., ὄνομα (or οὔνομα) θέσθαι τινί give a child a name at one's own discretion, Od.18.5, 19.406 (in 19.403 with v.l. θείης), Hdt.1.107, 113, cf. E.Ph.13: ellipt., withoutὄνομα, ᾧ δὴ ἀθροίς ματι ἄνθρωπόν τε τίθενται καὶ λίθον Pl.Tht. 157b
, cf. Cra. 402b: pleonast., .V τιθέναι νόμον down or give a law, of a legislator, S.El. 580, E.Alc.57, Ar.Ach. 532, Pl.R. 339c, D.24.99, etc.:—so in [voice] Med., of Solon, Hdt.1.29; of a people, state, or legislature, give oneself a law, make a law, Pl.R. 338e, Isoc.3.6, Arist. Pol. 1289a14 ([voice] Pass.,τίθεται νόμος Ar.Nu. 1425
, Pl.Lg. 705e, 744a; τιμωρίαι.. ἐτέθησαν ib. 943d); alsoθήσω θεσμόν A.Eu. 484
;κήρυγμα θεῖναι S.Ant.8
; σκῆψιν τιθέναι allege an excuse, Id.El. 584: c. acc. et inf., order matters so that.., [ὁ Λυκοῦργος] ἔθηκε θύειν βασιλέα πρὸ τῆς πόλεως τὰ δημόσια ἅπαντα X.Lac.15.2
, cf. 1.5, 2.11; without inf., : c. dat. et inf.,γυναιξὶ σωφρονεῖν.. θήσει Id.Tr. 1057
.2 [voice] Med., agree upon,ἡμέραν θέσθαι D.42.1
,13; so θ. συγγραφήν, ὁμολογίαν, σύμβολόν τινι, etc., PEleph. 2.16 (iii B.C.), PGoodsp.Cair. 6ii 2 (ii B.C.), PRein.11.9 (ii B.C.), etc.3 execute a document. τ. διαθήκην make a will, Stud.Pal.1.6.3 (v A.D.): so in [voice] Med., PSI10.1119.16 (ii A.D.); θέσθαι τινὸς ἀπαρχήν make out a person's birth-certificate, ib.9.1067.15 (iii B.C.), etc.VI establish, institute, , cf. X.An.1.2.10; ἐν τοῖς ἀγώνοις οἷς ἁ πόλις τίφητι (sic) Delph.3(3).120.17 (ii B.C.);πενταετηρίδα Pi.O.3.21
.VII dispose, order, ordain, bring to pass, of gods,οὕτω νῦν Ζεὺς θείη Od.8.465
, 15.180;ὣς ἄο' ἔμελλον θησέμεναι Il.12.35
; [Ζεὺς] τίθησ' ὅπῃ θέλει Semon.1.2
; τὰ δ' ἄλλα πάντ' ἄνω τε καὶ κάτω στρέφων τίθησιν (sc. Ζεύς) A.Eu. 651; πάντα παγκάκως θεοὶ θέσαν cj. in Id.Pers. 283 (lyr.);τέλος δ' ἔθηκε Ζεὺς.. καλῶς S.Tr. 26
; κόσμῳ θέντες, as etym. of θεοί, Hdt.2.52; of human beings, administer, manage, [τι] κακῶς θέμεν, εὖ θέμεν, Thgn.845, 846;τὰ δ' ἄλλα φροντὶς.. θήσει δικαίως A.Ag. 913
; ἐγὼ καὶ σὺ θήσομεν κρατοῦντε τῶνδε δωμάτων καλῶς ib. 1673 (troch.);ταῦτ' ἐγὼ θήσω καλῶς E.Hipp. 521
, cf. Andr. 737;τὰ παρ' ὑμῶν εὖ τίθει Ar.Lys. 243
;τ. τὰ τῶν φίλων ἀσφαλῶς X.Ages.11.12
; :—[voice] Med., administer for oneself,οἶκον εὖ θέσθαι Hes.Op.23
;ἄνδρας σοφοὺς χρὴ τὸ παρὸν πρᾶγμα καλῶς εἰς δύναμιν τίθεσθαι Cratin. 172
(lyr.), cf. D.23.134, Anon.ap Suid.s.v. τίθεσθαι, Hsch.s.v.τὸ παρὸν εὖ τίθεσο; ἐν ἀπόρῳ εἴχοντο θέσθαι τὸ παρόν Th.1.25
; τὸ παρὸν εὖ θέσθαι make the best of one's resources or situation, Luc.Nec.21, M. Ant.6.2, cf. Aristid.2.35 J.; ;τὰ παρόντα θέσθαι καλῶς Ach.Tat.5.11
;τὰ σεωυτοῦ τιθέμενος εὖ Hdt.7.236
;τὰ οἰκεῖα εὖ θέμενον Pl.R. 443d
; ;τὰ πάντα ὅπως ἂν αὐτῇ ἡδὺ ᾖ οὕτως τίθεσθαι X.Mem.1.4.17
;εἰ μὴ θήσομαι τἄμ' ὡς ἄριστα E.Andr. 378
;τὸ σαυτοῦ θέμενος εὖ Id.IT 1003
, cf. Ba.49, HF 605, 938, Hipp. 709, Dionys.Eleg.1.5;τὰ πρὶν εὖ θέμενος S.El. 1434
; συνετῶν ἀνδρῶν (sc. εἶναι), πρὶν γενέσθαι τὰ δυσχερῆ, προνοῆσαι ὅπως μὴ γένηται· ἀνδρείων δέ, γενόμενα εὖ θέσθαι Pittac.
ap. D.L.1.78; τὸ κοινῶς φοβερὸν ἅπαντας εὖ θέσθαι that all should face the common danger, Th.4.61; of wars, quarrels, etc., bring them to a successful issue, but sts. put a good face on them, patch them up,ἕως ἂν τὸν πόλεμον εὖ θῶνται Id.8.84
;θήσονται τὸν πόλεμον ᾗ βούλονται Id.1.31
; πόλεμον ἀραμένους οὐ ῥᾴδιον εὐπρεπῶς θέσθαι ib.82;ὅτῳ τρόπῳ.. τὸ σφέτερον ἀπρεπὲς εὖ θήσονται Id.6.11
; ;τὸν τρὸς τοὺς Ἐλευσῖνι πόλεμον ὡς μετρίως ἔθεντο Pl.Mx. 243e
; ἄμεινον ἢ τότε ἐθέμεθα τὸν πόλεμον ib. 245e; : abs.,θέσθαι καλῶς S.Fr. 350
:—pass.,εἰ τεθήσεται κατὰ νοῦν τὰ πράγματα Th.4.120
.2 in the game of πεττεία, κυβεία, Lat. tesserae (cf. Ter.Adelph.739), to place as skilfully as possible the pieces which have been assigned to one by the luck of the dice,πεττείᾳ τινὶ ἔοικεν ὁ βίος, καὶ δεῖ ὥσπερ ψῆφόν τινα τίθεσθαι τὸ συμβαῖνον Socr.
ap. Stob.4.56.39;ὥσπερ ἐν πτώσει κύβων πρὸς τὰ πεπτωκότα τίθεσθαι τὰ αὑτοῦ πράγματα ὅπῃ ὁ λόγος αἱρεῖ βέλτιστ' ἂν ἔχειν Pl.R. 604c
, cf. Plu.Pyrrh.26;στέργειν δὲ τἀκπεσόντα καὶ θέσθαι πρέπει σοφὸν κυβευτήν S.Fr. 947
; τὰ δεσποτῶν γὰρ εὖ πεσόντα θήσομαι I will take advantage of my master's good luck, A.Ag.32: many of the passages cited in A. v11. I may be metaph. applications of this sense.B put in a certain state or condition, much the same as ποιεῖν, ποιεῖσθαι, and so often to be rendered by our make:I folld. by an attributive Subst., make one something, with the predicate in apposition, θεῖναί τινα αἰχμητήν, ἱέρειαν, μάντιν, etc., Il.1.290, 6.300, Od.15.253, etc.;θ. τινὰ ἀρχέπολιν Pi.P.9.54
; θεῖναί τινα ἄλοχόν τινος make her another's wife, of a third person who negotiates a marriage, Il.19.298 (for [voice] Med., v. infr. 3); ἥτε με τοῖον ἔθηκεν ὅπως ἐθέλει who has made me such as she will, Od.16.208; σῦς ἔθηκας ἑταίρους thou hast made my comrades swine, 10.338; so [νῆα] λᾶαν ἔθηκε 13.163
, cf. Il.2.319, etc.;ἕως ἂν θῶ τοὺς ἐχθρούς σου ὑποπόδιον LXX Ps.109(110).1
; but γέλων ἔθηκε συνδείπνοις caused them laughter, E. Ion 1172; λόγους εἰς μέτρα τ. put them into verse, Pl. Lg. 669d.2 with an Adj. for the attributive, θεῖναί τινα ἀθάνατον καὶ ἀγήρων make him undying and undecaying, Od.5.136; πηρόν, τυφλόν, ἀφνειὸν τ. τινά, Il.2.599, 6.139, 9.483;τὸν μὲν.. θῆκε μείζονά τ' εἰσιδέειν καὶ πάσσονα Od.6.229
, cf. 18.195, Pl.Prt. 344d.b of things, ἅλιον πόνον, πόνον οὐκ ἀτέλεστον, πάντα μεταμώνια, Il.4.26,57, 363;ὄλεθρον ἀπευθέα θῆκε Κρονίων Od.3.88
, cf. 11.274;ἀποίητον θέμεν ἔργων τέλος Pi.O.2.17
;ἀρὰν τ. ἀλαθῆ A.Th. 944
(lyr.); ἀναστάτους οἴκους τ. S.Ant. 674; ; τὸ πραχθὲν ἀγένητον τ. Pl.Prt. 324b.3 freq. in [voice] Med., γυναῖκα or ἄκοιτιν θέσθαι τινά make her one's wife, Od.21.72, 316, B.5.169; παῖδα τὸν αὑτᾶς πόσιν θ. take her own son as husband, A.Th. 929 (lyr.).b υἱὸν θέσθαι τινά, like ποιεῖσθαι, make one's son, adopt, Pl.Lg. 929c, etc.: abs., θέσθαι τινά adopt, Plu.Aem.5.c generally,προσφιλῆ θέσθαι τινά S.Ph. 532
; but φίλον ἐμαυτῷ θ. deem my friend, Id.Ant. 188; γέλωτα θέσθαι τινά make him one's butt, Hdt.3.29, 7.209.4 c. inf., make one do so and so, τιθέναι τινὰ νικᾶσαι make him conquer, Pi.N.10.48 (dub.);μετατραπεῖν Id.Fr. 177
; (lyr.), cf. 1036, 1174 (lyr.), E.Med. 718, Heracl. 990, etc.II in reference to mental action, when [voice] Med. is more freq. than [voice] Act., lay down. assume, hold, reckon or regard as.., τί δ' ἐλέγχεα ταῦτα τίθεσθε; Od.21.333; (lyr.); , cf. 430b ([voice] Med.); θὲς δή μοι.. now suppose so and so, Id.Tht. 191c;εὐεργέτημά τι θεῖναι D.1.10
; withὡς, θέντες ὡς ὑπάρχον εἶναι ὃ βούλονται Pl.R. 458a
, cf. Phd. 100a;μὴ τοῦτο ὡς ἀδίκημα θῇς D.18.193
.2 folld. by Advbs., ποῦ χρὴ τίθεσθαι ταῦτα; in what light must we regard these things? S.Ph. 451; οὐδαμοῦ τιθέναι τι hold of no account, E.Andr. 210; πρόσθεν or ἐπίπροσθέν τινος τιθέναι τι, Id.Hec. 129 (anap.), Supp. 515; πόρρω τίθεσθαί τί τινων set far below.., D.18.299.3 folld. by Preps.,τ. τινὰ ἐν φιλοσόφοις Pl.R. 475d
;ἐν τοῖς φίλοις X.Mem.2.4.4
; also εἰς ὁποτέραν (of two classes) Pl.Sph. 264c; εἰς τὸν δῆμον, εἰς τοὺς πλουσίους, X.Mem.4.2.39; alsoοὐκ ἐν λόγῳ τίθεσθαί τινα Tyrt.12.1
;ἐν τιμῇ τίθεσθαί τινα Hdt.3.3
;ἐν αἰτίῃ τιθέναι τινά Id.8.99
; ἐν οἰωνῷ τινι τοῦ μέλλοντος, ἐν ἐπαίνῳ, ἐν γέλωτι τίθεσθαι, Plu.Alex.31, Cat.Ma.20, TG17; θέσθαι παρ' οὐδέν set at naught, A.Ag. 230 (lyr.), E.IT 732, cf. Pl.Phdr. 252a (but (i B.C.), Supp.Epigr.7.1.6 (Susa, i A.D., Epist.Artabani));ἐν παρέργῳ θοῦ με S.Ph. 473
; πάντα ταῦτ' ἐν εὐχερεῖ ἔθου ib. 876;ταῦτ' ἐν αἰσχρῷ θέμενος E. Hec. 806
;ἐν ἀδικήματι θέσθαι τι Th.1.35
;ἐν ἀδικήματος μέρει τιθέναι τι D.23.148
; θέσθαι τὰ δίκαια ἔκ τινος estimate them by.., Id.8.8.4 c. partit. gen., ἐμὲ θὲς τῶν πεπεις μένων put me down as one of the convinced, Pl.R. 424c, cf. 376e, 437b; τῆς ἡμετέρας ἀμελείας ἄν τις θείη might reckon it as due to our carelessness, D.1.10.5 c. inf., οὐ τίθημ' ἐγὼ ζῆν τοῦτον I hold not that he lives, count him not as living, S.Ant. 1166: so in [voice] Med., Pl.Phd. 93c, D. 25.43,44: rarely c. part., θήσω ἀδικοῦντα [αὐτόν] Id.23.76, cf. Pl. Prt. 343e, Ap. 27c.6 elliptically, lay down, assume, θῶμεν δύο εἴδη (sc. εἶναι) Id.Phd. 79a, etc.; θήσω οὕτω (sc. εἶναί τι) D.23.85, cf. Arist.Pol. 1290a30.7 affirm, opp. αἴρω (deny), τὸ ἐπέκεινα ὄντος οὐ τόδε λέγει- οὐ γὰρ τίθησιν-- the phrase 'beyond being' does not denote a 'this' (for it is not an affirmation), Plot.5.5.6.C without any attributive word following, make, work, execute, of an artist,ἐν δ' ἐτίθει νειόν Il.18.541
, cf. 550, 561, 607; [δόρπον] θησέμεναι Od.20.394
.2 make, cause, bring to pass,ἔργα Il.3.321
;τ. κέλαδον καὶ ἀϋτήν 9.547
;ὀρυμαγδόν Od.9.235
;ἔριν μετ' ἀμφοτέροισιν 3.136
; φιλότητα, ὅρκια μετ' ἀμφ., Il.4.83, Od.24.546: c. dat. pers.,σῆμα τιθεὶς Τρώεσσι Il.8.171
; , etc.;πᾶσι δ' ἔθηκε πόνον 21.524
, cf. 15.721, 16.262; 6, etc.;χάρματ' ἄλλοις ἔθηκεν Pi.O.2.99
;πόλει κατασκαφὰς θέντες A. Th.47
;εἰρήνην φίλοις Id.Pers. 769
;αἷμα θήσεις E.Ba. 837
(s. v.l.).3 freq. in [voice] Med., make or prepare for oneself, θέσθαι κέλευθον make oneself a road, open a way, Il.12.418;θέτο δῶμα Od.15.241
; τίθεντο δὲ δαῖτα, δόρπα, Il.7.475, 9.88 (but δαῖτα τίθενται are holding a feast, Od.17.269); μεγάλην ἐπιγουνίδα θέσθαι to make oneself, get a large thigh, Od.17.225; θέσθαι μάχην engage in.., Il.24.402; ; ἱδρῶτα τίθεσθαι have an access of perspiration, Hp.Decent.2; μαρτύρια θέσθαι produce as testimony, Hdt.8.55; ἀνδρὸς αἰδοίου πρόσοψιν θηκάμενος putting on the aspect of a reverend man, Pi.P.4.29, cf. Hsch. s.v. θήκατο; πόνον πλέω τίθου work thyself the more annoy, A.Eu. 226;εὐκλεᾶ θέσθαι βίον S.Ph. 1422
, etc.4 periphr. for a single Verb. μνηστήρων σκέδασιν θεῖναι make a scattering, Od.1.116; θέμεν κρυφόν, νέμεσιν, αἶνον, for κρύπτειν, νεμεσῦν, αἰνεῖν, Pi.O.2.97, 8.86, N.1.5;μὴ σχολὴν τίθει A. Ag. 1059
; ὑμῖν ἔθηκε σὺν θεοῖς σωτηρίαν (v.l. προμηθίαν) E.Med. 915:— also in [voice] Med., θέσθαι μάχην, for μάχεσθαι, Il.24.402; θέσθαι θυσίαν, γάμον, for θύειν, γαμεῖσθαι, Pi.O.7.42, 13.53; σπουδήν, πρόνοιαν θέσθαι, S.Aj.13, 536, cf. Pi.P.4.276;θ. ἐπιστροφὴν πρό τινος S.OT 134
;περὶ τούτων οἰκονομίας PEnteux.22.6
(iii B.C.); and c. gen., θ. λησμοσύναν, συγγνωμοσύνην τινῶν, S.Ant. 151 (lyr.), Tr. 1265 (anap.). (Cf. Lith. dēti 'lay (eggs, etc.)', Skt. dáti 'lay down, place', Lat. -do in con-do, etc., Engl. do, doom.) -
11 ζητέω
ζητέω impf. ἐζήτουν; fut. ζητήσω; 1 aor. ἐζήτησα. Pass.: impf. sg. ἐζητεῖτο Hb 8:7; 1 fut. ζητηθήσομαι; aor. ἐζητήθην (LXX; AcPlCor 2:8; 1) (s. two next entries; Hom.+).① try to find someth., seek, look for in order to find (s. εὑρίσκω 1a)ⓐ what one possessed and has lost, w. acc. τινά Mt 28:5; Mk 1:37; Lk 2:48f; J 6:24, 26; 7:34, 36. τί Mt 18:12; Lk 19:10; AcPlCor 2:8 (ParJer 5:12). Abs. Lk 15:8.ⓑ what one desires somehow to bring into relation w. oneself or to obtain without knowing where it is to be found τινά 2 Ti 1:17; J 18:4, 7f; Ac 10:19, 21. ζητεῖν τ. θεόν, εἰ ἄρα γε αὐτὸν εὕροιεν search for God, in the hope that they may find him 17:27 (cp. Wsd 1:1; 13:6; Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 36; Tat. 13, 2); Ro 10:20 (Is 65:1). τί Mt 2:13; 12:43; 13:45 (in the special sense seek to buy as X., Cyr. 2, 2, 26; Theophr., Char. 23, 8 ἱματισμὸν ζητῆσαι εἰς δύο τάλαντα); Lk 11:24. τὶ ἔν τινι someth. on someth. fruit on a tree 13:6f. Abs. Mt 7:7f; Lk 11:9f (ζήτει καὶ εὑρήσεις Epict. 4, 1, 51).ⓒ be on the search for look for, search out τινά someone Mk 3:32; Ac 9:11; IPol 4:2. For the purpose of arrest, pass. GPt 7:26; MPol 3:2.② to seek information, investigate, examine, consider, deliberate (X., Cyr. 8, 5, 13; Lucian, Hermot. 66; Aelian, VH 2, 13; 4 Macc 1:13; Just., D. 28, 1 τὸ ζητούμενον ‘question, problem’; cp. דרשׁ in post-bibl. Hebr. and Aram.: Dalman, Aram.-neuhebr. Handwörterbuch2 1922; HStrack, Einleitg. in Talmud u. Midraš5 1921, 4) παραλόγως ζ. engage in irrational investigations Dg 11:1. ἐν ἑαυτῷ ζ. περί τινος ponder someth. Hs 2:1. περὶ τούτου ζητεῖτε μετʼ ἀλλήλων ὅτι; are you deliberating with each other on the fact that? J 16:19 (Just., D. 19, 1 al.). W. indir. discourse foll. consider (Diod S 1, 51, 6 πόσαι …; Tat. 26, 1 τίς ὁ θεός; 29, 1 ὅτῳ τρόπῳ) πῶς Mk 11:18; 14:1, 11. τί Lk 12:29. τὸ πῶς 22:2. εἰ B 11:1.—As legal t.t. investigate (Dinarchus 1, 8; POxy 237 VI, 41; 726, 16; O. Theb 134, 4; EBickermann, RHR 112, ’35, 214f) ἔστιν ὁ ζητῶν κ. κρίνων there is one who investigates and judges J 8:50b (cp. Philo, De Jos. 174). J 11:56 may also have this technical sense.③ to devote serious effort to realize one’s desire or objective, strive for, aim (at), try to obtain, desire, wish (for)ⓐ desire to possess τὶ someth. (Lucian, Hermot. 66 τ. εὐδαιμονίαν; Just., D. 102, 6 σωτηρίαν καὶ βοήθειαν) τ. βασιλείαν Mt 6:33; Lk 12:31. εὐκαιρίαν Mt 26:16; Lk 22:6. ψευδομαρτυρίαν Mt 26:59; cp. Mk 14:55. τὴν δόξαν J 5:44; 7:18; 8:50a. τιμὴν κ. ἀφθαρσίαν Ro 2:7; cp. 1 Cor 7:27b; 2 Cor 12:14; Col 3:1; 1 Pt 3:11 (Ps 33:15).ⓑ wish for, aim at τὶ someth. τὸν θάνατον Rv 9:6. λύσιν 1 Cor 7:27a. τὸ θέλημά τινος be intent on someone’s will=aim to satisfy it J 5:30. τὸ σύμφορόν τινος someone’s benefit (Hermogenes 283 p. 301, 11 R. v.l. ἐμοῦ … οὐ τὸ Φιλίππου συμφέρον ζητοῦντος [a citation of Dem. 18, 30, which reads Φιλίππῳ]) 1 Cor 10:33; τὰ (τὸ) ἑαυτοῦ ζητεῖν strive for one’s own advantage 10:24; 13:5; Phil 2:21.ⓒ w. interrog. pron. τί ζητεῖτε; (cp. Gen 37:15) what do you want? J 1:38; cp. 4:27 (JFoster, ET 52, ’40/41, 37f).ⓓ w. inf. foll. (Hdt. 3, 137) mostly aor. (Plut., Thes. 35, 6; SIG 372, 7; Wsd 8:2; Sir 7:6; 27:1; Tob 5:14 BA; TestSol 15:7; Jos., Ant. 11, 174; 13, 7) Mt 12:46; 21:46; Mk 12:12; Lk 5:18; 9:9; 11:54 v.l.; 17:33; J 5:18; 7:1; Ac 13:7 D, 8; 16:10 (cp. 3 Km 11:22); Ro 10:3; Gal 2:17. Rarely the pres. inf. (X., An. 5, 4, 33; Esth 8:12c) Lk 6:19; Gal 1:10 (ζ. ἀρέσκειν as Ael. Aristid. 34, 39 K.=50 p. 560 D.)—ἵνα for the inf. 1 Cor 14:12.ⓔ OT lang. apparently is reflected in ζ. τὴν ψυχήν τινος seek the life of someone Mt 2:20 (cp. Ex 4:19); Ro 11:3 (3 Km 19:10); cp. also 3 Km 19:14; Sir 51:3; Ps 34:4; 37:13; 39:15; 53:5; 62:10; 85:14.④ ask for, request, demand τὶ someth. σημεῖον Mk 8:12. σοφίαν 1 Cor 1:22. δοκιμήν 2 Cor 13:3. τινά J 4:23. τὶ παρά τινος demand someth. fr. someone (Demosth. 4, 33; Sir 7:4; 28:3; 1 Esdr 8:50; Tob 4:18) Mk 8:11; Lk 11:16; 12:48. Also τὶ ἀπό τινος B 21:6. ζητεῖται ἐν τ. οἰκονόμοις ἵνα it is required of managers that 1 Cor 4:2 (AFridrichsen, ConNeot 7, ’42, 5).—B. 655; 764. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv. -
12 παραζηλόω
παραζηλόω fut. παραζηλώσω; 1 aor. παρεζήλωσα (Hesych. = παροξύνω) provoke to jealousy, make jealous (LXX; GrBar 16:2) τινὰ ἐπί τινι someone of someone Ro 10:19 (Dt 32:21; cp. 4Q 372 I, 12). τινά someone (3 Km 14:22; Sir 30:3) 11:11 (RBell, Provoked to Jealousy ’94). τὴν σάρκα (brothers in the) flesh vs. 14. It is this mng., rather than a more general one such as make angry, that we have 1 Cor 10:22 ἢ παραζηλοῦμεν τ. κύριον or shall we provoke the Lord to jealousy? i.e. by being untrue to him and turning to second-rate divinities (daemons). The rhetorical structure here relies heavily on Gr-Rom. understanding that a δαίμων is a service-oriented divinity of a second order, a ‘satrap’, as Celsus later called it (Orig., C. Cels. 8, 35, 6). With sharp satire Paul says that God has reason to be jealous if the Corinthians engage in civil feasts where sacrifice is made to mere secondary divinities καὶ οὐ θεῷ (vs. 20), which is designedly ambiguous, referring either to deity generically (a god) or to the supreme deity of biblical tradition. The Corinthians are in effect insulting ‘the Lord’.—DELG s.v. ζῆλος. M-M. TW. -
13 προσποιέω
προσποιέω 2 sg. mid. προσποιεῖ (on this Attic form s. Schwyzer I 668; Rob. 339f; B-D-F §27; cp. βούλει Lk 22:42) 1 aor. mid. προσεποιησάμην (Eur., Hdt.+; pap, LXX, Test12Patr) in our lit. only mid.① to engage in an action or gesture that gives the appearance of conveying specific intent, make/act as though, pretend (Thu., Pla. et al.; Diod S 1, 94, 1; 15, 46, 2; Plut., Timol. 238 [5, 2]; Aelian, VH 8, 5; PCairZen 534, 44; 61 [III B.C.]; Philo, In Flacc. 40; 98; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 5, Vi. 319; TestJud 7:2) w. inf. foll. (so mostly in the passages cited, also Jos., Ant. 13, 102; TestJos 3:7) προσεποιήσατο πορρώτερον πορεύεσθαι he made as though he were going farther Lk 24:28. προσποιεῖ ἀγνοεῖν με you are pretending that you do not know me MPol 10:1.② to act in response to, take notice (of) abs. (Zeno the Eleatic in Diog. L. 9, 29 ἐὰν μὴ προσποιῶμαι=if I do not notice.—The thing that one notices is added in the acc.: Diog. L. 1, 20 τὶ; Job 19:14 με.) μὴ προσποιούμενος taking no notice J 8:6 v.l.—M-M. -
14 ἐργάζομαι
ἐργάζομαι impf. ἠργαζόμην (εἰργ-edd., Ac 18:3); fut. 2 sg. ἐργᾷ; 3 sg.; ἐργᾶται and 3 pl. ἐργῶνται (all LXX); 1 aor. εἰργασάμην ( 2J 8; other edd. ἠρ.); pf. 3 sg. εἴργασται LXX; ptc. εἰργασμένος (for augment s. Mayser 332; Meisterhans3-Schw. 171; B-D-F §67, 3; Moulton, ClR 15, 1901, p. 35f; Mlt-H. 189f); pass. fut. 3 sg. ἐργασθήσεται Ezk 36:34; En 10:18 (s. ἔργον and next entry; Hom.+).① to engage in activity that involves effort, work, intr. work, be active (Hes., Hdt. et al.) D 12:3. ταῖς χερσίν work w. one’s hands 1 Cor 4:12 (ἐ. ἰδίαις χερσίν as Biogr. p. 253; on depreciation of manual labor cp. Jos., Ant. 17, 333); 1 Th 4:11 (s. ἴδιος 3a). Also διὰ τῶν χειρῶν B 19:10. νυκτὸς καὶ ἡμέρας work night and day 1 Th 2:9; 2 Th 3:8. ἐν τῷ ἀμπελῶνι in the vineyard Mt 21:28. Abs. Lk 13:14; J 9:4b; Ac 18:3; 1 Cor 9:6; 2 Th 3:10, 12. τῷ ἐργαζομένῳ to the worker Ro 4:4; cp. vs. 5 (ἐργαζόμενοι καλοί, OdeSol 11:20) and Lk 6:5 D (Unknown Sayings 49–54). Of God and Christ: work, be busy J 5:17 (cp. Maximus Tyr. 15, 6ef: Heracles must work without ceasing, since Zeus his father does the same).—Of financial enterprise: a sum of money (five talents) ἐ. ἐν αὐτοῖς do business/ trade with them (Demosth. 36, 44 ἐ. ἐν ἐμπορίῳ καὶ χρήμασιν) Mt 25:16.—MBalme, Attitudes to Work and Leisure in Ancient Greece: Greece and Rome 2d ser. 31, ’84, 140–52.② to do or accomplish someth. through work, trans.ⓐ do, accomplish, carry out w. acc. (Ael. Aristid. 42, 13 K.=6 p. 69 D.: ταῦτα ἐργαζομένου σου τοῦ κυρίου [Asclepius]) ἔργον (X., An. 6, 3, 17 κάλλιστον ἔργον ἐ.; Pla., Polit. 1, 346d; Appian, Celt. 18 §2, Bell. Civ. 2, 58 §238 al.; Arrian, Anab. 7, 17, 3; PPetr II, 9 [2], 4 [III B.C.]; Sir 51:30; TestSol D 4:8 τὸ ἔ. ὑμῶν; Just. D. 88, 8 τεκτονικὰ ἔργα) Ac 13:41 (Hab 1:5); 1 Cl 33:8. τὰ ἔργα τοῦ θεοῦ do the work of God (cp. Num 8:11) J 6:28; 9:4. τὸ ἔργον κυρίου the Lord’s work 1 Cor 16:10. ἐ. τι εἴς τινα do someth. to someone (Ps.-Demosth. 53, 18): ἔργον καλὸν εἴς τινα do a fine thing to someone Mt 26:10; cp. B 21:2; 3J 5. Also ἔν τινι Mk 14:6. In a different sense ἔργα ἐν θεῷ εἰργασμένα deeds performed in God J 3:21. ἐ. τὸ ἀγαθόν do what is good (cp. Dio Chrys. 16 [33], 15; GrBar 11:9; and Jos., Ant. 6, 208 ἀγαθά) Ro 2:10; Eph 4:28; Hm 2:4. Opp. ἐ. πονηρόν (Lucian, Catapl. 24) m 10, 2, 3. ἐ. ἀγαθὸν πρὸς πάντας do good to all people Gal 6:10. κακὸν ἐ. (Dio Chrys. 13 [7], 33; Palaeph. 1 and 3; Just., D. 95, 1 κακά; Ath. 11, 2 ἀεί τι ἐ. … κακόν): κακὸν τῷ πλησίον ἐ. do wrong to one’s neighbor Ro 13:10 (cp. Pr 3:30; EpArist 273). Gener. someth. Col 3:23; 2J 8; μηδὲν ἐ. do no work 2 Th 3:11. οὐδὲν τῇ δικαιοσύνῃ do nothing for righteousness Hs 5, 1, 4 (Ps.-Aristot., Mirabilia 142 οὐδὲν ἐργ.=accomplish nothing).—Also used with attributes, etc. (in Isocr. w. ἀρετήν, σωφροσύνην; Philo, Gig. 26 τελειότητα) δικαιοσύνην (Ps 14:2) do what is right Ac 10:35; Hb 11:33; Hv 2, 2, 7; m 5, 1, 1; Hs 9, 13, 7. ἐ. δικαιοσύνην θεοῦ do what is right in God’s sight Js 1:20 (but s. c below; v.l. κατεργάζεσθαι, q.v.). τὴν ἀνομίαν (Ps 5:6; 6:9 al.) Mt 7:23. ἁμαρτίαν commit sin Js 2:9 (Jos., Ant. 6, 124 τὸ ἁμάρτημα). Of the effect: τί ἐργάζῃ; what work are you doing? J 6:30 (cp. Philo, Leg. All. 3, 83; Tat. 25, 1 τί μέγα … ἐ. φιλόσοφοι;).ⓑ practice, perform, officiate at (τέχνην, etc., X., Pla. et al.) τὰ ἱερά the temple rites 1 Cor 9:13 (cp. Num 8:11).ⓒ bring about, give rise to as proceeds from work (s. next entry 4; Soph., Ant. 326; Epict., Fgm. Stob. 14 πενία λύπην ἐργάζεται; Just., A I, 45, 6 ὅπερ … κόλασιν διὰ πυρὸς αἰωνίαν ἐργάζεται). μετάνοιαν 2 Cor 7:10. ἐ. δικαιοσύνην θεοῦ bring about the righteousness that will stand before God (but s. a above) Js 1:20. θάνατον ἑαυτοῖς ἐ. bring death on themselves Hs 8, 8, 5 (Just., D. 124, 4).ⓓ work (on) (τὴν γῆν Gen 2:5; En 10:18; ApcMos 24) τὴν θάλασσαν work on the sea for a livelihood (Aristot., Probl. 38, 2, 966b, 26; Dionys. Hal. 3, 46; Appian, Liby. 2 §5; 84 §397; Lucian, Electr. 5) Rv 18:17 (s. CLindhagen, ΕΡΓΑΖΕΣΘΑΙ, ’50: Uppsala Univ. Årsskrift ’50, 5, 5–26).ⓔ work for/earn food (Hes., Op. 43 βίον ἐ.; Hdt. 1, 24 χρήματα; cp. Pla., Hipp. Mai. 282d, Laches 183a; X., Mem. 2, 8, 2; Theod. Pr 21:6. Also βρῶμα: Palaeph. p. 28, 10) ἐ. τὴν βρῶσιν J 6:27: in this context βρῶσις appears to be the free gift of the Human One (Son of Man).—As in the similar case of the Samaritan woman (cp. J 6:35 w. 4:14) hearers are simply prepared for the statement that they are to accept what is freely given. But ἐργάζεσθαι can also mean, when used w. food, prepare for use, digest, assimilate sc. τὴν τροφήν (Aristot., De Vita et Morte 4; Maximus Tyr. 15, 5a [ἐργ. τὴν τροφήν of the activity of the jaws]; more often ἐργασία τ. τροφῆς). The compound κατεργάζεσθαι is more common in this sense, but it is avoided in this passage for the sake of wordplay w. ἐργάζεσθαι in vs. 28.—DELG s.v. ἔργον. M-M. EDNT. TW. -
15 ἔργον
ἔργον, [dialect] Dor. [full] ϝέργον IG4.800 (vi B. C.), Elean [full] ϝάργον SIG9 (vi B.C.), τό: (ἔρδω, OE.A weorc (neut.) 'work', Avest. var[schwa]za-):— work, Il.2.436, etc.;ἔ. οὐδὲν ὄνειδος, ἀεργίη δέ τ' ὄνειδος Hes.Op. 311
;πλεόνων δέ τε ἔ. ἄμεινον Il.12.412
;ἔ. ἐποίχεσθαι 6.492
;νῦν ἔπλετο ἔ. ἅπασι 12.271
; esp. in pl.,ἄλλος ἄλλοισιν..ἐπιτέρπεται ἔργοις Od. 14.228
;ἐπὶ ἔργα τράποντο Il.3.422
;ἔργων παύσασθαι Od.4.683
; τὰ σ' αὐτῆς ἔργα κόμιζε see to thine own tasks, Il.6.490 : esp. in the following relations,1 in Il. mostly of works or deeds of war,πολεμήϊα ἔ. Il.2.338
, al., Od.12.116 ;ἔργον μάχης Il.6.522
; alone,ἀτελευτήτῳ ἐπὶ ἔργῳ 4.175
, cf. 539 ;ὑπέσχετο δὲ μέγα ἔργον 13.366
; ; later,ἔργον.. Ἄρης κρινεῖ A.Th. 414
; ἐν τῷ ἔ. during the action, Th.2.89, cf.7.71 ;τὸ ἐν Πλαταιαῖς ἔ. Pl.Mx. 241c
;τῶν πρότερον ἔ. μέγιστον ἐπράχθη τὸ Μηδικόν Th.1.23
; ἔργου ἔχεσθαι to engage in battle, ib.49.2 of peaceful contests,κρατεῖν ἔ. Pi.O.9.85
;ἔργου ἔχεσθαι Id.P.4.233
; also ἔργα θῆκε κάλλιστ' ἀμφὶ κόμαις placed [the reward of] noble deeds about his hair, Id.O.13.38.3 of works of industry,a of tillage, tilled lands,ἀνδρῶν πίονα ἔ. Il.12.283
, etc. ;ἔργ' ἀνθρώπων 16.392
, Od.6.259 ;βροτῶν 10.147
; οὔτε βοῶν οὔτ' ἀνδρῶν φαίνετο ἔργα ib.98 ; ἔργα alone, 16.140, etc.; Ἔργα καὶ Ἡμέραι—the title of Hesiod's work ; πατρώϊα ἔ. their father's lands, Od.2.22 ; οὔτ' ἐπὶ ἔργα..ἴμεν will neither go to our farms, ib. 127, cf. 252 ; Ἰθάκης..ἔργα the tilled lands of Ithaca, 14.344 ; ἀμφὶ.. Τιταρησσὸν ἔργ' ἐνέμοντο inhabited lands, Il.2.751 ;τὰ τῶν Μυσῶν ἔ. Hdt.1.36
; so later, PBaden 40.5 (ii A.D.) : generally, property, wealth, possessions,θεὸς δ' ἐπὶ ἔργον ἀέξῃ Od.14.65
, cf. 15.372.b of women's work, weaving, Il.9.390, etc. ; ἀμύμονα ἔ. ἰδυίας ib. 128 ;ἔργα ἐργάζεσθαι Od.22.422
, 20.72.c of other occupations, θαλάσσια ἔ. fishing, 5.67 ; a seaman's life, Il.2.614 : periphr., δαιτὸς..ἔργα works of feasting, 9.228 ;φιλοτήσια ἔ. Od.11.246
;ἔργα γάμοιο Il.5.429
;ἔργα Κυπρογενοῦς Sol.26
;Ἀφροδίτης h.Ven.1
; alsoτέκνων ἐς ἔ. A.Ag. 1207
: abs.,ἔργον Luc.DDeor.17.1
, AP12.209 (pl., Strat., s.v.l.); alsoἔργα ἰσχύος καὶ τάχους X.Cyr.1.2.12
; φίλα ἔργα μελίσσαις, of flowers, Theoc.22.42 ; of mines, etc.,ἔ. ἀργυρεῖα X.Vect.4.5
, D.21.167, etc.; ἔργα πίσσια dub. l. in Plu.Cat.Ma.21.4 deed, action,ἔργ' ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε Od.1.338
;θέσκελα ἔ. Τρώων Il.3.130
;ἀήσυλα ἔ. 5.876
; καρτερά, ἀεικέα ἔ., ib. 872,22.395; παλίντιτα, ἄντιτα ἔ., Od.1.379, 17.51 ;ἔργα ἀποδέκνυσθαι Hdt.1.16
, cf. Pl.Alc.1.119e, D.C.37.52 ; opp. ἔπος, deed, not word (v.ἔπος 11.1
) ; opp. μῦθος, Il. 9.443, 19.242, A.Pr. 1080 (anap.), etc.; opp. λόγος, S.El. 358, E.Alc. 339 ; ἔργῳ, opp. λόγῳ, freq. in [dialect] Att., etc., Th.2.65, etc.: so in pl.,λόγῳ μὲν..τοῖσι δ' ἔργοισιν S.OC 782
, cf. E.Fr.360.13 ; ; opp. ῥήματα, Id.OC 873 ; opp. ὄνομα, E.IA 128 (anap.), Th.8.78,89 ; in many phrases,πέπρακται τοὔργον A.Pr.75
, cf. Ag. 1346 ;χωρῶ πρὸς ἔργον S.Aj. 116
; τὸ μὲν ἐνθύμημα χαρίεν.., τὸ δὲ ἔ. ἀδύνατον its execution, X.An.3.5.12 ; ἐν ἔργῳ χέρνιβες ξίφος τε ready for action, E.IT 1190 ;ἡ κατάρα ὑπὸ τοῦ δαίμονος εἰς ἔ. ἤγετο Jul.Or.7.228b
.II thing, matter, πᾶν ἔ...ὑπείξομαι in every point, Il.1.294 ;ἃ Ζεὺς μήδετο ἔ. 2.38
, etc.;πάρος τάδε ἔ. γενέσθαι 6.348
, etc.;ὅπως ἔσται τάδε ἔ. 2.252
, Od.17.78, etc. ;μέμνημαι τόδε ἔ. Il.9.527
;ἄκουε τοὔργον S.Tr. 1157
, cf. OT 847, Aj. 466 ; in bad sense, mischief, trouble, of disease,αἰτίη τοῦ ἔ. Aret.SA1.9
; μέγα ἔ. a serious matter, Od.4.663, Th.3.3.2 μέγα ἔ., like μέγα χρῆμα, χερμάδιον λάβε χειρὶ Τυδεΐδης, μέγα ἔ. a monstrous thing, Il.5.303, cf. 20.286 ; φυλόπιδος μέγα ἔ. a mighty call to arms, 16.208.III [voice] Pass., that which is wrought or made, work, οἷ' ἐπιεικὲς ἔργ' ἔμεν ἀθανάτων, of the arms of Achilles, Il.19.22 ; ἔ. Ἡφαίστοιο metal-work, Od.4.617 ;πέπλοι.., ἔργα γυναικῶν Il.6.289
, Od.7.97, cf. 10.223 ;ὕφασμα, σῆς ἔ. χερός A.Ch. 231
;κολεόν..λώτινον ἔ. Theoc.24.45
; of a wall, Ar.Av. 1125 ; of a statue, X.Mem.3.10.7 : in pl., of siege-works,ἔ. καὶ μηχαναί Plb.5.3.6
; of a machine, Apollod.Poliorc.157.4, al., Ath.Mech.15.2, al.; of public buildings, Mon.Anc.Gr.18.20; of an author's works, D.H.Comp.25 ;τὸ περὶ ψυχῆς ἔργον Ἀριστοτέλους AP11.354.8
(Agath.).2 result of work, profit or interest, ἔργον [ χρημάτων] interest or profit on money, Is.11.42, cf. D.27.10.IV special phrases:1 ἔργον ἐστί,a c. gen. pers., it is his business, his proper work,ἀνδρῶν τόδ' ἐστὶν ἔ. A.Ch. 673
;ὅπερ ἐστὶν ἔ. ἀγαθοῦ πολίτου Pl.Grg. 517c
; of things, φραδέος νόου ἔργα τέτυκται it is a matter (which calls) for a wary mind, Il.24.354 ; function, ; ; τοῦτο ἑκάστου ἔ. ὃ ἂν ἢ μόνον τι ἢ κάλλιστα τῶν ἄλλων ἀπεργάζηται ib. 353a ; functions,Gal.
16.518 : c. dat. pers.,οἷς τοῦτο ἔ. ἦν X.Cyr.4.5.36
, cf. 6.3.27: with the possessive Pron., σὸν ἔ. [ἐστί] c. inf., A.Pr. 635 ;ἐμὸν τόδ' ἔ. κρῖναι Id.Eu. 734
;σὸν ἔ., θῦε θεοῖς Ar.Av. 862
; : with Art.,νῦν ἡμέτερον τὸ ἔ. Hdt.5.1
.b c. gen. rei, there is need of..,τί δῆτα τόξων ἔ.; E.Alc.39
;πολλῆς φυλακῆς ἔ. [ἐστί] Pl.R. 537d
: esp. with neg., ;οὐ δόλου νῦν ἔ. Id.Pl. 1158
, cf. E.Hipp. 911 : c. dat. pers.,ἐπέδρης μὴ εἶναι ἔ. τῇ στρατιῇ Hdt.1.17
: with Art., : with a part. added,οὐδὲν ἦν ἔ. αὐτοῦ κατατείνοντος Plu.Publ.13
: also c. inf., οὐδὲν ἔ. ἑστάναι there is no use in standing still, Ar.Lys. 424, cf. Av. 1308 ;οὐδὲν ἔ. ταῦτα θρηνεῖσθαι S. Aj. 852
, cf. 12.c c. inf., it is hard work, difficult to do,πολὺ ἔ. ἂν εἴη διεξελθεῖν X.Mem.4.6.1
;πολὺ ἔ. ἦν τῷ νομοθέτῃ πάντα γράφειν Lys.10.7
;ἔ. ἐστὶν εἰ ἐροῦμεν D.24.51
;ἔ. εὑρεῖν πρόφασιν Men.76
; alsoμέγα ἔ. ταῖς..ἐπιθυμίαις καλῶς χρῆσθαι Pl.Smp. 187e
;χαλεπὸν ἔ. διαιρεῖν Ar.Ra. 1100
(lyr.): also in gen.,πλείονος ἔ. ἐστὶ..μαθεῖν Pl. Euthphr. 14b
: rarely with a part.,οὐδὲν ἔ. μαχομένῳ Philippid.15.3
; ἔ. [ἐστί] c. acc. et inf., it can scarcely happen that..,ἔ. ἅμα πάντας ὀργισθῆναι καὶ ἁμαρτεῖν Arist.Pol. 1286a35
.2 ἔργον παρασχεῖν τινί give one trouble, Ar.Nu. 523, cf. AP9.161 (Marc. Arg., punning on Hesiod's Ἔργα) ; ἔργον ἔχειν take trouble, c. part., X.Cyr.8.4.6 ; c. inf., Id.Mem.2.10.6.3 ἔ. γίγνεσθαι τῆς νόσου to be its victim, Anon. ap. Suid. s.v. ἄτολμοι ;κτεινόμενος ὑμέτερον ἔ. εἰμί Plu.Eum. 17
;τῆς ὑμετέρας γέγονεν ἔ. ὀλιγωρίας Luc.Dem.Enc.29
.4 ἔ. ποιεῖσθαί τι to make a matter one's business, attend to it, Pl.Phdr. 232a, X.Hier.9.10 ; soἐν ἔργῳ τίθεσθαι Ael.VH4.15
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16 κατεσθίω
κατεσθίω/κατέσθω (Mk 12:40; PGM 5, 279 κατέσθεται; En 103:15; 104:3. S. on ἐσθίω, also B-D-F §101 and Mlt-H. 238 under ἐσθίω) 2 aor. κατέφαγον; fut. καταφάγομαι (J 2:17, s. B-D-F §74, 2; W-S. §13, 6 and 17; Mlt-H. 198. S. also PIand 26, 23 [98 A.D.]; LXX) and κατέδομαι (1 Cl 8:4; LXX) (Hom. et al.; pap, LXX, TestSol, TestAbr, En, Test12Patr, JosAs, Philo; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 261; Just., D. 57, 2; Tat. 10, 2).① to eat up ravenously, eat up, consume, devour, swallow lit. τὶ someth. (PFlor 150, 6 ἀπὸ τῶν μυῶν κατεσθιόμενα) of birds (SibOr 5, 471) Mt 13:4; Mk 4:4; Lk 8:5 (τὰ πετεινὰ τ. οὐρανοῦ κ. as 3 Km 12:24m; 16:4). σάρκας (cp. Da 7:5) B 10:4. Of animals that are to devour Ignatius IRo 5:2 (cp. Babrius 103, 10 [lion] L-P. [cp. Aesop, Fab. 142 P.]; Gen 37:20, 33; SibOr 5, 470). Of the apocalyptic dragon τὸ τέκνον αὐτῆς devour her child Rv 12:4. A book 10:9f (cp. Ezk 3:1 and BOlsson, ZNW 32, ’33, 90f.—Artem. [of Ephesus] 2, 45 p. 149, 6 speaks of ἐσθίειν βιβλία, experienced in a dream, which is interpreted to mean a quick death). The moth that eats clothing, as a type σὴς καταφάγεται ὑμᾶς B 6:2 (Is 50:9).② The extension of mng. 1 leads to a multifaceted imagery: devour as if by eatingⓐ to destroy utterly, destroy (Heraclitus, Ep. 7, 10 τὰ ζῶντα κατεσθίετε. Pass. Diog. L. 6, 5 ‘the jealous ones by their own vileness’) of fire: consume τινά someone (cp. Num 26:10; Job 20:26; Ps 77:63; TestAbr A 10 p. 88, 13 [Stone p. 24] al.; JosAs 25:7) Rv 11:5; 20:9. Of the sword (Jer 2:30; 2 Km 18:8) ὑμᾶς κατέδεται 1 Cl 8:4 (Is 1:20). Of zeal consume (TestSim 4:9; cp. Jos., Ant. 7, 163) J 2:17 (Ps 68:10).ⓑ to waste: τὸν βίον devour property (cp. Od. 3, 315; Hipponax 39 Diehl; Diog. L. 10, 8, τὴν πατρῴαν οὐσίαν, which was divided among the sons; Aesop., Fab. 169 P.=304 H./249 Ch./179 H-H.; POxy 58, 6; 10 [288 A.D.]; Gen 31:15) Lk 15:30.ⓒ to rob: τὰς οἰκίας τῶν χηρῶν eat up widows’ houses i.e. appropriate them in an unethical manner (cp. Od. 2, 237f κατέδουσι βιαίως οἶκον Ὀδυσσῆος; Alcaeus, Fgm. 43, 7 D.2; Mnesimachus Com. [IV B.C.], Fgm. 8 πόλιν; Jos., Bell. 4, 242) Mk 12:40; Lk 20:47 (Mt 23:13 v.l.).ⓓ to engage in spiteful partisan strife: betw. δάκνω and ἀναλίσκω (q.v.), someth. like tear to pieces Gal 5:15 (cp. Philo, Leg. All. 3, 230 the fig. triad κατεσθίει, βιβρώσκει, καταπίνει).ⓔ to exploit, abs. εἴ τις κ. if anyone devours (you) (i.e. exploits, robs; cp. Ps 13:4; Is 9:12) 2 Cor 11:20.—DELG s.v. ἔδω. M-M. -
17 κατέσθω
κατεσθίω/κατέσθω (Mk 12:40; PGM 5, 279 κατέσθεται; En 103:15; 104:3. S. on ἐσθίω, also B-D-F §101 and Mlt-H. 238 under ἐσθίω) 2 aor. κατέφαγον; fut. καταφάγομαι (J 2:17, s. B-D-F §74, 2; W-S. §13, 6 and 17; Mlt-H. 198. S. also PIand 26, 23 [98 A.D.]; LXX) and κατέδομαι (1 Cl 8:4; LXX) (Hom. et al.; pap, LXX, TestSol, TestAbr, En, Test12Patr, JosAs, Philo; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 261; Just., D. 57, 2; Tat. 10, 2).① to eat up ravenously, eat up, consume, devour, swallow lit. τὶ someth. (PFlor 150, 6 ἀπὸ τῶν μυῶν κατεσθιόμενα) of birds (SibOr 5, 471) Mt 13:4; Mk 4:4; Lk 8:5 (τὰ πετεινὰ τ. οὐρανοῦ κ. as 3 Km 12:24m; 16:4). σάρκας (cp. Da 7:5) B 10:4. Of animals that are to devour Ignatius IRo 5:2 (cp. Babrius 103, 10 [lion] L-P. [cp. Aesop, Fab. 142 P.]; Gen 37:20, 33; SibOr 5, 470). Of the apocalyptic dragon τὸ τέκνον αὐτῆς devour her child Rv 12:4. A book 10:9f (cp. Ezk 3:1 and BOlsson, ZNW 32, ’33, 90f.—Artem. [of Ephesus] 2, 45 p. 149, 6 speaks of ἐσθίειν βιβλία, experienced in a dream, which is interpreted to mean a quick death). The moth that eats clothing, as a type σὴς καταφάγεται ὑμᾶς B 6:2 (Is 50:9).② The extension of mng. 1 leads to a multifaceted imagery: devour as if by eatingⓐ to destroy utterly, destroy (Heraclitus, Ep. 7, 10 τὰ ζῶντα κατεσθίετε. Pass. Diog. L. 6, 5 ‘the jealous ones by their own vileness’) of fire: consume τινά someone (cp. Num 26:10; Job 20:26; Ps 77:63; TestAbr A 10 p. 88, 13 [Stone p. 24] al.; JosAs 25:7) Rv 11:5; 20:9. Of the sword (Jer 2:30; 2 Km 18:8) ὑμᾶς κατέδεται 1 Cl 8:4 (Is 1:20). Of zeal consume (TestSim 4:9; cp. Jos., Ant. 7, 163) J 2:17 (Ps 68:10).ⓑ to waste: τὸν βίον devour property (cp. Od. 3, 315; Hipponax 39 Diehl; Diog. L. 10, 8, τὴν πατρῴαν οὐσίαν, which was divided among the sons; Aesop., Fab. 169 P.=304 H./249 Ch./179 H-H.; POxy 58, 6; 10 [288 A.D.]; Gen 31:15) Lk 15:30.ⓒ to rob: τὰς οἰκίας τῶν χηρῶν eat up widows’ houses i.e. appropriate them in an unethical manner (cp. Od. 2, 237f κατέδουσι βιαίως οἶκον Ὀδυσσῆος; Alcaeus, Fgm. 43, 7 D.2; Mnesimachus Com. [IV B.C.], Fgm. 8 πόλιν; Jos., Bell. 4, 242) Mk 12:40; Lk 20:47 (Mt 23:13 v.l.).ⓓ to engage in spiteful partisan strife: betw. δάκνω and ἀναλίσκω (q.v.), someth. like tear to pieces Gal 5:15 (cp. Philo, Leg. All. 3, 230 the fig. triad κατεσθίει, βιβρώσκει, καταπίνει).ⓔ to exploit, abs. εἴ τις κ. if anyone devours (you) (i.e. exploits, robs; cp. Ps 13:4; Is 9:12) 2 Cor 11:20.—DELG s.v. ἔδω. M-M. -
18 κόπος
κόπος, ου, ὁ① a state of discomfort or distress, trouble, difficulty, a transferred sense of κόπος=‘beating’ (s. κόπτω; Trag.; pap; Ps 106:12; Sir 22:13; 1 Macc 10:15; ParJer 5:6; Jos., Ant. 2, 257; Just., D. 68, 2) κόπους (κόπον) παρέχειν τινί (cause) trouble (for) someone, bother someone (κόπους παρέχειν τινί PTebt 21, 10 [115 B.C.]; BGU 844, 12; PGissUniv 27, 13f [IIIA.D.]; PGM 14b, 4f; κόπον παρ. τινί Sir 29:4) Mt 26:10; Mk 14:6; Lk 11:7; 18:5; Gal 6:17; Hv 3, 3, 2; AcPlCor 2:34. πολλοὺς κόπους ἠντληκώς after he had endured many hardships Hs 5, 6, 2a (cp. Did.. Gen. 105, 9). W. other terms relating to a peristasis (FDanker, 2 Cor [Augsburg Comm.], ’89, 85–91; 180–86) 2 Cor 6:5 and 11:23; on 10:15 s. 2 below.② to engage in activity that is burdensome, work, labor, toil (Eur., Aristoph.; SIG 761, 6 [I B.C.]; PAmh 133, 11; POxy 1482, 6; LXX; En; TestIss 3:5; Apc4Esdr Fgm. a; ApcSed 14:2; Jos., Ant. 3, 25; 8, 244; Iren.1, 13, 5 [Harv I 122, 3]; Did., Gen. 104, 7.) sing. κ. τῆς ἀγάπης labor of love, i.e. loving service 1 Th 1:3. W. ἔργα Rv 2:2. W. ἱδρώς B 10:4. W. μόχθος (q.v.) 2 Cor 11:27; 1 Th 2:9; 2 Th 3:8; Hs 5, 6, 2b. ὁ κ. ὑμῶν οὐκ ἔστιν κενός your labor is not in vain 1 Cor 15:58. μήπως εἰς κενὸν γένηται ὁ κ. ἡμῶν that our work may not be fruitless 1 Th 3:5. Fig. of work at harvest time εἰς τὸν κ. τινὸς εἰσέρχεσθαι enter into someone’s labor i.e. reap the rewards of another person’s work J 4:38; τὸν μισθὸν λαμβάνειν κατὰ τὸν κ. receive pay in accordance w. the work done 1 Cor 3:8. ὅπου πλείων κ., πολὺ κέρδος the greater the toil, the richer the gain IPol 1:3.—Pl., of individual acts (En 7:3) 2 Cor 10:15 (6:5 and 11:23 appear to fit best under 1 above); Rv 14:13. Also abstr. for concr. reward for labor (Sir 14:15) Hm 2:4; Hs 9, 24, 2f.—AvHarnack, Κόπος (κοπιᾶν, οἱ κοπιῶντες) im frühchristl. Sprachgebr.: ZNW 27, 1928, 1–10; HKuist, Bibl. Review 16, ’31, 245–49. B. 540.—DELG s.v. κόπτω. M-M. TW. Spicq. Sv. -
19 συνεργέω
συνεργέω impf. συνήργουν; 1 aor. συνήργησα (Eur., X.+; ins, pap, LXX, Test12Patr, Philo; Jos., Bell. 6, 38, Ant. 1, 156; Just., D. 142, 2; Orig.) to engage in cooperative endeavor, work together with, assist, help abs. τοῦ κυρίου συνεργοῦτος (PAmh 152, 5 τοῦ θεοῦ συνεργήσαντος; Did., Gen. 162, 10 συνεργῶν ὁ τῶν ὅλων θεός) Mk 16:20. παντί τῷ συνεργοῦντι to everyone who helps (such people as Stephanas) in the work 1 Cor 16:16. With συνεργοῦντες 2 Cor 6:1 either θεῷ (Hofmann, Windisch, Sickenberger, NRSV) or ὑμῖν (Chrysost., Bengel, Schmiedel, Bachmann) can be supplied. ς. ἐν παντὶ πράγματι be helpful in every respect Hs 5, 6, 6. W. dat. of person or thing that is helped (X., Mem. 4, 3, 12; Diod S 4, 25, 4 ς. ταῖς ἐπιθυμίαις=assist [him] in his wishes; OGI 45, 11 [III B.C.]; PSI 376, 4 [250 B.C.]; 1 Macc 12:1; TestReub 3:6; TestIss 3:7 ὁ θεός): βλέπεις ὅτι ἡ πίστις συνήργει τοῖς ἔργοις αὐτοῦ you see that faith worked with (and thereby aided) his good deeds Js 2:22. W. the goal indicated by εἰς (Epict. 1, 9, 26; Appian, Syr. 59 §309 ἐς τὸν θάνατον ς., Bell. Civ. 5, 90 §378; Philo, Agr. 13; TestGad 4:7 εἰς θάνατον, εἰς σωτηρίαν): in τοῖς ἀγαπῶσιν τὸν θεὸν πάντα συνεργεῖ εἰς ἀγαθόν Ro 8:28, ς. means assist (or work with) someone to obtain someth. or bring someth. about (IG2, 654, 15f ς. εἰς τ. ἐλευθερίαν τῇ πόλει; Larfeld I 500; Plut., Mor. 769d οὕτως ἡ φύσις γυναικὶ … πρὸς εὔνοιαν ἀνδρὸς καὶ φιλίαν μεγάλα συνήργησεν ‘thus nature greatly assists a self-controlled woman in securing the goodwill and friendship of her husband’; cp. Polyb. 11, 9, 1). Then the subj. will be either πάντα everything helps (or works with or for) those who love God to obtain what is good (Vulg., Zahn, Sickenberger, Althaus, RSV mg.; NRSV), or ὁ θεός, which is actually read after συνεργεῖ in good and very ancient mss. (P46 BA; Orig. For ἡμῖν συνεργεῖν of gods: X., Mem. 4, 3, 12; but s. MBlack, The Interpr. of Ro 8:28: OCullmann Festschr. ’62, 166–72); in the latter case πάντα is acc. of specification (πᾶς 1dβ) in everything God helps (or works for or with) those who love him to obtain what is good (so RSV; NRSV mg.; Syr., Copt., BWeiss, RLipsius, Jülicher, Kühl, Ltzm.; Goodsp., Probs. 148–50.—Cp. OGI 219, 10f on helpful deity. The prep. phrase ς. … εἰς would correspond exactly to Alex. Aphr., Fat. 31 p. 203, 8 Br. acc. to cod. H: εἰς ἀγαθὸν οὐδὲν ὁ Πύθιος τῷ Λαί̈ῳ συνεργεῖ=‘in no respect does Apollo work w. Laius for good’, or ‘help L. to obtain what is good’. For the idea cp. Herm. Wr. 9, 4b πάντα γὰρ τῷ τοιούτῳ [=θεοσεβεῖ], κἂν τοῖς ἄλλοις τὰ κακά, ἀγαθά ἐστι ‘everything is good for such a [god-fearing] person, even if bad for others’; Plotin. 4, 3, 16, 21. JBauer, ZNW 50, ’59, 106–12. Cp. Sext. Emp., Outlines of Pyrrhonism I, 207 ‘be to one’s advantage’ [communication fr. EKrentz]).—DELG s.v. ἔργον. EDNT. TW. -
20 ἀγών
ἀγών, ἀγῶνος, ὁ (w. many mngs. Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX; EpArist 14; Philo; Jos., Ant. 17, 92; 185 al.; Just., D. 142, 2; Tat. 12, 4; loanw. in rabb.) in our lit. only fig.① the sense ‘athletic competition’ transfers to the moral and spiritual realm a competition, contest, race (cp. Wsd 4:2) τρέχωμεν τὸν προκείμενον ἡμῖν ἀγῶνα let us run the race that lies before us Hb 12:1 (cp. Eur., Or. 847; Hdt. 9, 60, 1 ἀγῶνος μεγίστου προκειμένου, cp. 7, 11, 3; Lucian, Anach. 15; Epict. 3, 25, 3.—Hdt. 8, 102, 3 πολλοὺς ἀγῶνας δραμέονται οἱ Ἕλληνες; Dionys. Hal. 7, 48). Cp. 1 Cl 7:1; GJs 20:1 (not pap).② gener. a struggle against opposition, struggle, fight (Iren. 5, 29, 1 [Harv. II 404, 16]; Hippol., Ref. 9, 6; Orig., C. Cels., 1, 22, 18; Did., Gen. 250, 29) for the gospel Phil 1:30, and struggle in its service ἐν πολλῷ ἀ. under a great strain or in the face of great opposition 1 Th 2:2. ἀ. ἀγωνίζομαι (Socrat., Ep. 14, 4; Epict. 1, 9, 12; Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 110 §515; SIG 434/5, 10; IBM III, 604, 7f ἠγωνίσατο ἀ. τρεῖς, ἐστέφθη δύω; Philo; Herm. Wr. 10, 19a) fight a fight, engage in a contest 1 Ti 6:12; 2 Ti 4:7 (cp. Thu. 7, 68, 3 καλὸς ὁ ἀ.; Synes., Ad. Paeon. 3, 309c ὡς ἀγῶνα καλὸν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν ἀγωνίζῃ=that you fight …; s. JBarton, Bonum certamen certavi, Biblica 40, ’59, 878–84); ὁ τῆς ἀφθαρσίας ἀ. 2 Cl 7:5. Also ἄφθαρτος ἀ. vs. 3; opp. φθαρτὸς ἀ. vs. 1 (s. καταπλέω), 4.—Anxiety, concern (Eur., Phoen. 1350; Thu. 7, 71, 1; Polyb. 4, 56, 4; Plut., Tit. Flamin. 378 [16, 1] ἀγῶνα καὶ πόνον; PHeid 228, 14 [III B.C.]; BGU 1139, 17; Is 7:13) ὑπέρ τινος Col 2:1; cp. 1 Cl 2:4.—FDölger, Ac II 1930, 294ff; III ’32, 177ff; JJüthner, RAC I, 188f; VPfitzner, Paul and the Agon Motif, athletic imagery in the Pauline lit., ’67.—DELG s.v. ἄγω. M-M. TW. Spicq. Sv.
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